The role of transport in agricultural production is
considerable. It is a connecting link in a single
technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the
country. The successful production activity of
agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper
use of available forces and means. One of such means
is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of
agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in
the whole cycle of production, from planting and
ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the
machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the
highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as
production cost agricultural production includes in its
membership the costs of mechanized and transport
works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this
regard, transport processes should be carried out the
most rational means. Rational application of those or
other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings,
adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain,
improving functionality, improved adaptation to
technical operation in the conditions of agricultural
production. When choosing a vehicle, special
attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the
direction of its activities, the structure of commodity
products, and the degree of its centralization. For
successful economic activities of the agricultural
enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and
terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the
automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and
trains of general purpose, which have large load
capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural
enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about
4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the
cost of transport operation should be individualized
for each sector because of its distinctive features
(activity, volume of traffic, the structure of
commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)
The article deals with studying the ways of optimizing
the amount of chemical additives in the wood-concrete
material, i.e. arbolite, which contains foamed
polystyrene gravel aggregate. To make arbolite
honeycombed structure more conglomerated a nonreactive
aggregate, i.e. hogged chips, has been partially
replaced with foamed polystyrene gravel aggregate
which has a mean particle size equal to a concrete
pocket size. The article also deals with various
additives to be used, taking into account the nonreactive
aggregate type and its quality, the composite
density and its reinforcement level. All chemical
additives have been chosen to make the initial material
more porous, to produce a film covering the aggregate
surface and to speed up the process of concrete
hardening. To solve to above problems a series of
experiments was carried out, the latter studied various
combinations of factors changing at certain levels. The
results of studying the foamed polystyrene gravel
aggregate influence on the arbolite structure and its
characteristics were used to make a choice of the
arbolite composition. The main criterion of the optimal
amount of chemical additives has been considered the
arbolite strength. The experimental data processing has
resulted in the finite regression model which describes
the chemical additive amount influence on the arbolite
strength. The tables in the article show the levels of
technological factors varying and the matrix of
planning the experiments to be carried out in order to
optimize the chemical additive amount. As a result of
the research accomplished the optimal amount of
chemical additives has been determined which enables
to produce the arbolite with some foamed polystyrene
gravel aggregate in its composition
The article provides comparative analysis of three laws
in the area of standardization in different phases of its
existence and development of our State: “About
Standardization” 10.06.93 № 5154-1, “About
Technical Regulation” № 184-ФЗ (part III) and
«About Standardization in Russian Federation”
№ 162-ФЗ. It is noted that standards and other
documents addressing standardization facilitate
technical development, innovation in different spheres,
quality improvement and competitiveness of industry,
products and services. The authors of the article trace
close interconnection between the state of the laws and
the concepts of Russia’s development, change of
goals, tasks and principles of standardization in
relation to the changes in the country and in the world;
analyze the experience of Russian standardization and
evaluates innovations in the modern jurisprudence in
this area. The authors of the article evaluate the laws in
the area of standardization from the viewpoint of its
importance and transparency for consumers based on
its close correlation with the law “About Consumer
Protection”. Additionally, they note the importance of
these documents and standardization in general to the
development of the country’s economy, its integration
into the world sphere and achievement of
technological leadership of the Russian Federation in
different areas
The subject of study of this work was learning algorithm of neuro-fuzzy systems with different membership functions. In the prior works there are no published studies of such studies, making it difficult synthesis of neuro-fuzzy control system with new objects in the application of biotechnology, including technological agribusiness entities. A comparative analysis of learning algorithms of neuro-fuzzy system with different membership functions using the method of error back propagation and а hybrid method. For this we used a training sample that contains data of temperature and concentration of dissolved gas in the culture liquid: oxygen (pO2), carbon dioxide (pCO2) of a biotechnological process. It is shown that the hybrid method carries out training of a neural network for the number of periods is 23 times smaller than the algorithm back-propagation errors. The studies found that the two-sided Gaussian membership function provides the smallest learning error of the network δ equal of 3,28•10–3, compared to the other, giving the largest error of training the neural network δ=0,138. Therefore, the task of running the fermentation process effective is the use a hybrid method of education and two-sided Gaussian membership functions. According to the research, we can conclude that for the adaptation of neuro-fuzzy network ANFIS and fuzzy inference system Sugeno zero order to solve biotechnological process control tasks microbiological production efficiency is to use a hybrid method of education and bilateral Gaussian membership functions
Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and patent literature, possible options to reduce weight of electro technical steel in magnetic circuits of electrical machines are explored. A search for the best options for the manufacture of magnetic induction motors stators technology aimed at improving the utilization of electrical steel and improving the energy performance of electric machines is carried out. All the variants are described and illustrated in detail in the drawings. It is pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method of manufacturing magnetic wires and the reasons why certain suggestions of technology of manufacturing magnetic circuits have not been implemented in mass production. The main indicators characterizing the manufacturability of constructive decisions are recommended. Economic indicators have been put in the basis of the choice of the optimal variant while designing the electrical machine. An optimal variant should be considered the variant in which all the technical requirements at lowest total cost are met. The latter should be understood not only the cost of materials and machine manufacturers, but also the cost of operation. The dependence of the energy performance of motors with modular designs of stators from the manufacturing technology is pointed out. The existing technology of the most mass electric motors series production, the following disadvantages are typical: low coefficient of utilization of electro technical steel; high specific material capacity, the cost of technology and labor intensity of production; low labour productivity and level of automation of technological process. Due to the fact that the possibilities of increasing of the machines’ specific weight characteristics due to the usage of new magnetic and dielectric materials are exhausted, it is advisable to change the technology of electric motors production, moving away from the traditional design
This article is dedicated to the study of the
parameters of the artificial immune system for
solving the polymorphic viruses’ detection
problem. The goal is to define a vector of the
immune system parameters that would ensure the
minimum number of errors of the first kind, the
minimum number of errors of the second kind and
the maximum percentage of polymorphic viruses’
detection. That is, the most accurate classification
of them as a malicious code, in relation to any
theoretically possible vector of parameters of the
artificial immune system. A distinctive feature of
the studied artificial immune system is the use of a
class of genetic algorithms that provide more
efficient training of detectors. The configurable
parameters of the system are: the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector and the
pathogen, which can be realized by determining the
Levenshtein distance or by the method of adjacent
bits; as well as the method of implementing the
crossing-over operator, the method of implementing
the mutation operator, the method of implementing
the selection operator, the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector lines. In
addition, the article considers the expediency of
using a distributed network of several nodes, each
of which will have an immune system that will
exchange data with other nodes of the network. As
a result of the research, a set of optimal parameters
was obtained in which the system achieves the
maximum accuracy of recognition of polymorphic
viruses
A more efficient use of road transport can be reached both by increasing the carrying capacity of the car and the average speed on the road. Due to limiting the safe load on the axle of the vehicle, a more promising solution is to increase the average speed on the road. Restricting car traffic speed on the roads with asphalt-concrete surface is due to the traffic safety, defined as resistance, steerabililty, vibrations of steering wheels and braking dynamics of the vehicle. The first three factors are influenced by the functional characteristics of the suspension and the state of the road surface. The share of agricultural vehicles mealage on the roads with improved surface does not exceed 65%. Nowadays, 40% of traffic volume and 9% of transport mealage are due to the transportation from the field and to the field. The aim of this work was to study the vibrational load of the load-carrying system and the driver, as well as the vehicle speed during the harvest time. To carry out theoretical research we used mathematical model "vehicle-road" system proposed by V.P. Tarasik. As a result of research we obtained the dependence of the acceleration of the front axle on the vehicle speed. The results showed that the maximum acceleration of the front axle is observed at a speed V = 20 km / h, which corresponds to external influences 1.54 Hz (9.7 rad/sec). The peak values of the vertical acceleration amounted to 5.80 m/s 2. The correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparing the results of theoretical and experimental research in the mode of uniform motion. The experimental determination of the vibrations of the vehicle sprung mass was carried out using the sound level meter and spectrum analyzer OKTAVA-101 AM, which is equipped with a vibrational pickup AP 98. The given calculations showed that the relative error of the results of theoretical and experimental research is 3.94%, the average value of an error at a confidence coefficient of P = 0.95 is 4.76%, which confirms the correctness of the mathematical model. The studies showed that if the speed is between 14 to 40 km / h, the vibrational load on the driver is from 1.42 m/s 2 to 2.82 m/s 2, that is 2.5 ...3.5 times the sanitary standards set by the requirements of the CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.566 - 96
The article is devoted to solving one of the major
problems in electric power industry, which is to
simplify and improve the accuracy of simulation and
calculation modes of complex electrical systems with
using the frequency characteristics of the elements of
the power system in generalized vector space. Article
has an exploratory character, which is expressed that
mathematical models of static elements of an electrical
network are considered in the form of transfer functions
of dependence of conduction on the frequency. A
number of the provisions of article has scientific
originality which is in the approach to the choice of the
coordinate system for modeling static elements. It is
offered the mathematical models air and cable
transmission lines, generalized load, single reactors
generalized vector space for analysis of steady and
transient modes. As an example was calculated family
of real and imaginary parts of the frequency
characteristics of the AC-70 line with different values
of the length, lines with different section (AC-70, AC-
95, AC-120), generalized load with different ratios of active and reactive power, various types of single
reactors. Offered mathematical models allow exploring
different symmetric modes of electric networks using
more efficient mathematical apparatus
Algorithms and constructing schemes of trusted
pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) based on
multivalued codes of residue number system are
presented. An algorithm for numerical control of the
operation of arithmetic adder Zm, differing by the
introduction of various rules for performing the
operation of "forming" of the overflow flag bit and the
correction operation of the supervision data adjusting
is developed. A scheme for local control of the adder
Zm, which differs from the known by introduction of
the overflow flag bit generation scheme and
accounting scheme of the supervision data adjusting is
constructed. End-to-end monitoring scheme of
modular adder control and key storage device (KSD)
for holding the crypto key with residual class code is
constructed. The proposed scheme differs from the
known by additional memory page, overflow flag bit
generation scheme and by accounting scheme of the
supervision data adjusting. The results of a
comparative evaluation of the developed pattern for
local and end-to-end monitoring of modular adder
control with hardware redundancy are provided. Based
on the results of the comparative evaluation it is
expedient to use the modular control method in order
to increase the reliability of the PRNG. At the same
time, the developed algorithms and end-to-end
monitoring schemes ensure elimination of the fracture
areas in the control and expansion of fragments of the
local (intermediate) PRNG control with minimal
hardware and time redundancy. Application field of
the developed algorithms and control schemes are
digital devices with cryptographic functions
The article deals with the study of vehicles impact on
the environment, since one of the main causes of air
pollution are cars with internal combustion engines.
One of the most important measures in the fight for
clean air is the creation of an environmentally
friendly transport. From this point of view, the most
promising is the electric car, as the only solution to
the problem of atmospheric pollution. In this article,
the history of the development of modern electric
vehicles, the advantages and disadvantages of their
design, as well as the possibility of introducing
electric vehicles into everyday life are considered.
After the analysis, it was concluded that, in spite of
the obvious advantages and the huge path that electro
mobiles went through in their development,
humanity is still not ready to refuse from cars with
internal combustion engines, opting for electric
vehicles