The article considers data obtained in long-term stationary experiment in Kuban state agrarian University, which was started in 1991 for old irrigated leached black soil of the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Studies were conducted in two rotations of seven-field grassy-grain-row crop rotation. The duration of irrigation - more than 30 years. It is established that long-term irrigation by sprinkling led to the soil over-compaction in both arable and subsurface layers. In the arable layer of 0-30 cm density of 0.14-0.17 g/cm3 exceeds the maximum allowable. We have noticed a sharp decrease in humus in the arable layer to 2.46-2.67 per cent. The weak acidification of the active root layer was noted, salt PH 5.0-5.3. In the soil-absorbing complex, the content of calcium decreases. It was found that the productivity of crops cultivated in the rotation of two rotations was greatly influenced by the system of basic soil treatment. In the first rotation, the decrease in productivity of cultivated crops against the background of the surface treatment system amounted to an average of 4.2% compared with deep: subsurface tillage and moldboard. In the second rotation after 14 years against the background of shallow surface treatment crop rotation productivity decreased by 11.2 %. The dependence of the fertilizer system and crop yield on the background of different main soil tillage is established. When using the mineral fertilizer system, the decrease in crop productivity, while minimizing the main tillage in the second rotation was 15.2%, and against the background of the organic fertilizer system by 12.7%. The deep sub-soil treatment provided an increase in the productivity of old irrigated leached black soil in the second rotation against organic fertilizers by 3.6%.
Thus, the organic system of fertilizers on the background of deep main soil tillage allows to obtain crop yields in the framework of grassy-grain-row crop rotation on wetlands degraded old-irrigated lands is not lower than using high doses of mineral fertilizers
The creation of early maturing hybrids of corn with a high content of oil in grain is very important in modern agricultural production. Selection of such hybrids and lines is carried out by the FGBNU of the NZP named after P.P. Lukyanenko for many years. These articles presents the results of promising early maturing hybrids of maize and compare them for yield and oil content in grain from hybrid corn zoned Krasnodar 194 MV for the last two years in the competitive variety trial. The content of oil in the grain is given to both hybrids and their parent lines
The article presents experimental data of comparing anatomical and morphological features and properties of two peppermint varieties in the Hyaginsky district of the Adygea Republic. The economic importance of peppermint is very high. The essential oil rich in menthol, obtained from the leaves and mint colors, is widely used in the medical, perfumery, cosmetic and food industries. In this regard, of great value are varieties of a complex purpose - with high leaf productivity and high % essential oil and menthol.
Comparative analysis of morphological and anatomical features of peppermint raw material of peppery two varieties harvested in the territory of the Farm Sazonenko NV of Giaginsky district of the Adygea Republic, showed that the external features of plants differ from each other. The Kubanskaya 6 variety leaves have a larger size, with a higher content of essential oils, incl. menthol. In this regard, the yield of this variety was higher than that of Prilukskaya 6, and therefore the economic indicators of cultivation of the Kubanskaya 6 variety were the best
Fungal and bacterial diseases are the main cause of losses of beetroot during storage. Resistance to them should be regarded as an important economic value of this culture. Analyzing biennial data on the preservation and damageability of diseases during the storage of 18 samples of varieties and hybrids of beetroot grown in the Moscow region, samples were identified that have complex resistance to phomosis, gray and root rot, the most harmful diseases noted during the storage of beetroot. These are varieties Bordo 237, Bordovaya VNIIO, Dvusemyannaya TSHA, and Pablo F1 hybrid, which provide a yield of merchandise products of at least 80% and are characterized by a minimal degree of damage to the above-mentioned diseases. The above varieties and hybrids can be recommended for introduction into industrial vegetable growing and use in further breeding work as donors of resistance to diseases
Intensive viticulture as a sub-branch of the grape-wine industry of agriculture is developing due to the introduction of modern scientific developments. The intensification of production consists of laying vineyards with planting material of higher biological categories, highly productive clones of traditional and long-established selection varieties; advanced agrotechnological techniques and mechanized operations, etc. For import substitution of table grapevine in our country, it is especially important to introduce new big-berry varieties from early to late maturity, providing a continuous 100-day conveyor for harvesting, with a bunch of grapes, various colors and the shape of berries. In many countries of the world with developed viticulture, breeding programs are being conducted to create competitive table varieties. As a result, there were obtained Muscat of Italy (Italy), Cardinal, Red Globe (USA), Moldova (Moldova), widely spread all over the world. But the world market does not stand still and breeders are working on new varieties. In recent years, there has been a trend of enlargement of berries from 8 to 24 grams, preference is given to varieties with pink and red berries. So, for example, created in Ukraine - a very early variety of Livia; in Russia - the variety clones of Livia K and Rochefort K, the early varieties of the Memory of the Teacher, the Gift of the Nesvetay, the Preobraghenie and the Jubilee of Novocherkassk, and others. These varieties are bred according to the developed model, which shows the genetic regularities of the formation of maximum expression in transgressive recombinants in quantitative (mass of berries and bunches) and qualitative (shape and color of berries) traits associated with maturation
The results of laboratory experiments on the effect of different concentrations of SkQ3 (10- (6'- methylplastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) on the rate of growth of spring barley seedlings of varieties Sokol and winter wheat varieties Kalym in normal and under inadequate moisture conditions, as well as data from field experiments on the effect of pre-sowing processing SkQ3 on the morphometric indices of spring barley varieties Shhedry, hard winter wheat of the Lazurite variety and soft winter wheat of the Lydia variety are presented. As a result of laboratory experiments, an increase in the growth rate of 14-day-old seedlings grown in solutions of polyethylene glycol was shown when treating the seeds with 2.5 nM and 25 nM with SkQ3 solutions.
In the field experiments on the pre-sowing treatment of SkQ3 seeds, an increase in the morphometric indices of spring barley varieties of generic Lydia soft winter wheat and hard Lazurite winter wheat has been established, as well as an increase in the yield of winter wheat of both varieties as compared to the control
The results of the researches on studying of grape plantings processing influence of technical grade Viorika on its agrobiological and technological indicators are stated in the article. Experiences have been conducted in public joint-stock company "Pobeda" in Temrjuksky area in Krasnodar territory. The experience scheme included three variants in 2015: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; in 2016 - five variants: without processings (control); Farmaiodne - 0,04 %; Farmaiodne - 0,05 %; Farmaiodne - 0,06 %; Farmaiodne - 0,08 %. Processing of experimented plants included autumn and spring bushes washing in resting period (November-April) and spraying during the vegetation period. In 2015 spraying were conducted three times: before flowering, in a growth phase of berries, in the beginning of berries maturing phase; in 2016 the fourth spraying was added after the flowering. It is noticed, that application of Farmaiodne promotes more intensive accumulation of sugars in berries juice, acceleration of crop maturing, improvement of winematerials quality. The increasing of sprouts fruitfulness and increasing in average weight of a bunch is observed, that finally leads to authentic crop increasing in a bush and productivity. Application of Farmaiodne also has positive impact on growing processes, promoting increase in sprouts length and sometimes on thickness. According to the mixture of agrobiological and technological indicators the best results are received at the application in concentration of 0,05 % and 0,06%
The article deals with the realization of the re-productive potential of wheat with the use of multi-flower formation as a model object of winter soft wheat plants. The essence of the concept of "reproductive potential" is disclosed, as well as the significance of this concept for research aimed at increasing the productivity of wheat plants. The data obtained during the study and analysis of varieties of winter soft wheat with the sign of multi-flower formation are given. The reproductive potential of winter soft wheat plants was determined by counting flowers at the VI stage of organogenesis. The examined multi-flower forms of soft winter wheat compared with Krasnodar breeding varieties showed increased reproductive potential, as well as an increased number of grains with the ear, but with a reduced mass of 1000 grains. According to the data obtained, the degree of the reproductive potential of multi-flower forms of winter soft wheat varied significantly, depending on the weather and climate conditions of the year of the study. In conclusion, the choice of multi-flower formation of winter soft wheat as a model object for investigating the reproductive potential of wheat, as well as the factors that influence its implementation and the extent of such influence is justified
This article discusses the results of research on the effect of soil treatment on agro-physical performance and productivity of major field crops. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing), surface treatment (minimum) and zero (direct seeding) is factor A, fertilizers – B, and herbicides as factor C for agro-physical properties of soil. We have found that high density led to a significant increase in the proportion of the stone faction in the structural composition of the soil. Deterioration of the agro-physical properties while minimizing soil tillage has negatively affected water, air and food regimes under crops rotation. When all methods of soil tillage are applied, the moisture reserves in the 0-200 cm layer in early spring had the lowest values of moisture-holding capacity (230-272 mm) and were defined by the features of weather conditions and past cultures. At the time of sowing, their number decreased by 12% (203-241 mm). The most economical way of spending moisture was shown by plants on the moldboard tillage. In autumn, fewer weeds (7-11 PCs/m2) there were in the options for ploughing. When the surface and zero ways of soil treatments were applied, their number for 1 m2 was 1.2-1.9 times bigger. We effectively eliminated weeds only when applying herbicides. Different crop cultures reacted differently to minimizing the tillage. The greatest reduction in yield was observed when applied surface and zero tillage in cultivated crops. Thus, studies have shown that in order to obtain maximum yields of field crops of crop rotation, reducing production costs, there must be a rational combination of deep or conventional plough tillage for surface or zero tilled for grain crops
To develop new promising soybean growth regulators, we have synthesized series of derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Synthesized compounds have been studied as potential soybean growth regulators. Substances with a high growth stimulating effect have been found. The growth regulators affected the branching coefficient, the number of seeds in the beans and their weight. The yield increased by 6.7-23.4%, the quality of grain increased