The actuality of ecological issues was realized about
50 years ago. The highlight of the ecological
movement to protect the environment has been, in
our estimation, the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro,
1992), which adopted the concept of sustainable
development. After 1992 the interest in ecology of
broad masses was decreased slightly, although the
environmental problems are not only remained, but
appeared to a greater extent. However, now there is
a legal basis for their decisions. Particularly,
enterprises must have a certified environmental
management system; otherwise they will be unable
to compete in international markets. Awareness by
humanity of need for environmental protection has
led, in particular, to the deployment of scientific
research in the field of ecological safety studies.
Therefore, we have found that it is necessary and
useful to report about the research of our team on
this subject. Ecological security issues are highly
relevant to the energy sector, in particular for gas
enterprises. As an example of the new scientific
results we discuss the innovative approach to the
disposal of drilling waste. The basic idea - the use of
underground non-enveloped tanks in permafrost soil
for disposal of drilling waste. Permafrost is typically
a negative impact on economic development, but in
this situation it is the determining factor for a
positive role, enabling lower costs to ensure
ecological safety and, consequently, improve the
competitiveness of domestic enterprises in the
global gas market. This article is devoted to methods
of dumping drilling waste and the problems that
arise in their burial place. We discuss various
methods of waste disposal, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the impact on the
environment
There was shown the necessity of achievement of
criterion of food safety of the RF. There were
formulated the main aims and tasks of state agrarian
policy of Russia. There were appeared the main tasks
of the Doctrine of food safety. There was given the
characteristic of qualitative condition of Krasnodar
region lands – liability of erosion processes, decrease
of humus content. There was proven the first-priority
necessity of transition from zonal system of land
management to adaptive-landscape one. The theory of
adaptive-landscape was determined as a basis of
innovation technology of agricultural commodity
production growth. There was formulated the problem
of development of methodology of ecologicaleconomic
justification of the transition of the
agricultural sector of the region to the adaptivelandscape
system of agriculture. Using GIStechnologies
there were used the areas due to types of
lands and degrees of erosion processes in limits of
three natural landscapes. There were cited the naturalclimatic,
soil and ecological peculiarities of natural
landscapes I, II, III. There were offered the ecological
coefficients additionally characterizing the types and
degree of erosion processes. There was calculated the
ratio of lands – arable lands: forest: meadow in limits
of natural landscapes. There was done the ecological
–economic assessment of arable land crop rotation
recommended by the “System of land management of
Krasnodar region” in 2015. Recommended for natural
landscapes field crop rotations per 1 ha of arable land
provide the annual value of gross output of 32.3 - 37.0
thousand rubles, net income - 11.5-12.9 thousand
rubles, the levels of profitability - 52.4-55.4 per cent.
The proposed crop rotations provide a positive
balance of humus. Further studies are needed to
clarify the methodology of design of adaptivelandscape
farming systems, the development of
fodder and special types of crop rotations, agrocomplexes
design of erosion control measures,
differentiated by natural landscapes and agricultural
landscapes, considering the type and intensity of
erosion processes are required
The anthropogenic interference plays more and more increasing role in modern ecologic paradigm. Adjusting this role to the studied region, it is defined by the socio-economic conditions being formed in our country. The rate of construction in the resort zones of the Krasnodar region is sweepingly rising. In spite of the high therapeutic-recreational capacity of the region, this tendency is leading to the further worsening of the ecological situation. The strengthening of the ecological control in the terms of the present economic crisis is highly urgent when more and more Russians prefer native resorts for their rest and in the first turn - resorts of the Krasnodar region. The condition of the ambient air of some recreation zones of the Krasnodar region has been studied. Methods of atomic-absorbing chromatography and optical emissive spectrometry have been used. It has been shown that the differences in data are mainly determined by the different content of the air impurities depending on the probe selection place. According to the studied data, the ecologically purest places are Krasnaya Polyana and Goryachy Klyuch. Whereas, the content of atmospheric air pollutants in the central districts of the resort towns of Sochi and Goryachy Klyuch exceeds MAC. The comparison of the obtained data with the same data of the city of Krasnodar that had been obtained before allows making a conclusion about the favorable eco-hygienic state of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region. So our investigations authentically prove the existence of the significant differences in the ecological conditions of the city on the one hand and of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region on the other hand
There was given the definition and there were cited
the criteria of food safety of the country. There was
substantiated the necessity of ecological-landscape
organization of the territories of agricultural
organizations with the aim of decision of food safety.
There were cited the peculiarities of land as a natural
object and the object of land relations. There was
cited the qualitative condition of agricultural areas of
the Krasnodar region – the susceptibility to erosion,
the content of humus, indicators of nutrient balance in
soil. There were identified the environmental
problems in the use of agricultural lands in
agricultural production. It is concluded that the
existing zonal systems of agricultural management do
not take into account the full landscape diversity in
the region. Using GIS-technologies there were
determined the boundaries of five landscapes of the
Krasnodar region and agricultural areas on types and
degrees of erosion process manifestation. There was
given the characteristics of natural-climatic, soil and
ecological peculiarities of steppe plain landscapes
with ploughed steppes. There was substantiated the
system of ecological-economic indexes of assessment
of landscape systems of land management. There was
determined the percentage ratio of areas as cropland:
forest: meadow within the boundaries of the natural
landscapes. There were calculated the main indexes of
ecological assessment of flat plain landscapes with
ploughed steppes. There were formulated the tasks of
ecological-landscape organization of the territory of
agricultural enterprises. On the state level there were
substantiated the offers on increase of effectiveness of
use of agricultural areas in agrarian production
The results of long-term investigations of ecologicalphytocenotic
peculiarities of short-root orchids under the conditions of the North-West Caucasus have been summarized. Together with the similarity in structure of this orchids’ living form, the author analyzes some differences in their assimilation of various places of growing
The results of scientific investigations in specifying
environmental and faunal composition of soil
invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone
of the Krasnodar region are presented this article.
Observed territory is represented with four main
classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea
(cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta
(worms with small bristles). Those animals were the
subject of further descriptions of territory. Some
peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic
compound of mesofauna, depending on technological
methods that are being used for cultivation of
agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC
“Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are
considered. The observed area is mostly populated
with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families
as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha
(drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae,
Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use
of complex compost (as an alternate method of
cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a
positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary
chernozem. The introduction of complex compost
optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape
system, which is associated with activation of biophilic
elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil
structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical
properties creates enabling environment for the vital
activity of invertebrates and for their trophic
cooperation with the habitats
The article provides an overview of the phytosanitary condition of crops for 2011-2014 g in the Krasnodar region. In recent years, we can observe increasing of the crop losses from pests and diseases of plants. The using of different pesticides in intensive cultivation technologies of winter wheat can’t resist this. Pathogenic microorganisms acquire resistance to drugs used and become more aggressive. This creates a lot of environmental problems. Plants are almost always under environmental stress. However, it is impossible to refuse of pesticides. And they are not able to observe the immune system of the plant, and in some cases inhibit it. The present level of development of science has led to the emergence of new methods of plant protection, which is based on increasing of the capacity of the immune plants, rather than the destruction of pathogens, as in the case of the use of pesticides. We propose to apply so called "agrochemical cocktails"
Econometrics is one of the most effective mathematical tools of controlling. The article deals with general problems of application of econometric methods in solving problems of controlling. Econometric methods - is primarily a statistical analysis of concrete economic data, of course, with the help of computers. In our country, they are still relatively little known, even though we have the most powerful scientific school in the foundations of econometrics - the probability theory. The article shows that to decide the problems of controlling is necessary to apply econometric methods. Classification of econometric tools can be carried out on various grounds: on methods, by type of data, in tasks, etc. Mass introduction of software products, including modern econometric analysis tools of concrete economic data can be regarded as one of the most effective ways to accelerate scientific and technological progress. The whole arsenal currently used econometric and statistical techniques (methods) can be divided into three streams: high econometric (statistical) technology; classical econometric (statistical) technology, low (inadequate, obsolete) econometric (statistical) technology. The main problem of modern econometrics is to ensure that the concrete econometric and statistical studies used only the first two types of technology. To get a broader representation of the use of econometric methods in the management of production organization we analyze basic textbook "Organization and planning of engineering production (production management)," prepared by the Department of "Economics and organization of production" of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It has more than 20 times using econometric methods and models that testify to the effectiveness of such a tool of manager as econometrics
Statistical methods are widely used in domestic
feasibility studies. However, for most managers,
economists and engineers, they are exotic. This is
due to the fact that modern statistical methods are
not taught in the universities. We discuss the
situation, focusing on the statistical methods for
economic and feasibility studies, ie, econometrics.
In the world of science, econometrics has a rightful
place. There are scientific journals in econometrics,
Nobel Prizes in Economics are given to series of
researches in econometrics. The situation in the field
of scientific and practical work and especially the
teaching of econometrics in Russia is disadvantaged.
Often, individual particular constructions replace
econometrics in general, such as those related to
regression analysis. The article is devoted to
econometrics as an academic discipline. Our course
begins with a discussion of the structure of modern
econometrics, the connections between applied
statistics and econometric methods. We consider
sample researches (analysis of surveys results), the
elements of econometrics numbers, and methods of
testing of statistical hypothesis about homogeneity.
We have given the concepts of regression analysis,
econometric classification methods, modern
measurement theory. The important places are
occupied by the statistics of non-numerical data
(including fuzzy sets and their links with random
sets) and the statistics of interval data. The problem
of the stability of statistical procedures with respect
to the tolerances of input data and model
prerequisites is discussed. The representations of the
econometric methods of expert research and quality
control, analysis and forecasting of time series,
econometrics of forecasting and risks are given
Requirements for the professional training of сontrollers include, in particular, the requirements for an intelligent tool that controllers must possess. One of such tools is the econometrics. Organization of training, in particular, preparation of curricula, programs, teaching materials and textbooks, involves discussion of the scope and content of the relevant discipline. We have given the description of the econometric tools of controlling, including the courses of "Econometrics-1" and "Econometrics-2", which the Department of the IBM-2 "Economics and organization of production" is on the faculty "Engineering and Business Management" of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. We have discussed the external environment of econometrics and the necessary changes in it. For example, the course of "Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics" is the basis for the study of econometrics. However, it has to be brought into line with modern requirements. In particular, it is necessary to consider such things as random elements with values in an arbitrary space, empirical and theoretical means in such spaces, to prove the laws of large numbers in general statements. Simultaneously with the specified extension course content is reasonable to exclude from the program methods based on those assumptions are not met in the concrete economic situations. In particular, we have to eliminate the one-sample and two-sample Student's t tests and replace them with the corresponding nonparametric tests. We do not need the "classical" and geometric probability, etc. We have given the importance of the problem of constructing integral indicators in various problems of econometrics; issues of analysis of the situation by means of a system of indicators are discussed in detail