When solving some problems of economics and management at an enterprise, it becomes necessary to determine the retail price of a product or service at a known wholesale price or producer price. We offer to determine the retail price based on an analysis of a survey of potential consumers about the maximum possible price for the product or service in question. We calculate the retail price on the basis of optimizing the economic effect equal to the product of the result from the sale of one unit of goods by the demand function, which we estimate by interviewing consumers. To solve the optimization problem, we approximate the demand function using the least squares method. As examples, the linear and power models of the demand function are analyzed. Ways of further development of the proposed approach are discussed. Unresolved scientific problems are formulated. Methods for estimating the demand function in the context of a large number of repetitions of respondents and their tendency to “round numbers” require further elaboration, as a result of which the Kolmogorov criterion cannot be used to determine the accuracy of the restoration of the demand function. Various parametric and non-parametric approaches of regression analysis should be adapted to the problem of restoring the dependence of demand on price, as well as methods for solving the corresponding optimization problems
Creation is high - olive hybrids of corn is very relevant in modern conditions as these hybrids give 2-3% of oil more than the hybrids used in production. What the mutation Opeik-2 brings if combined with selection on the high content of oil, having created initial material with two qualitative signs? The similar material received in KNIISH in previous years on the basis of lines and hybrids is presented in this article in the context of productivity and the content of signs of quality of grain
The article considers the issues of providing the competitiveness of small business forms in the agricultural sector and it justifies the directions of its improvement through the development of the government politics in respect of the subjects of small agribusiness, competitive environment, territorial and sectoral linkages, elements of organizational-economic mechanism, production systems and improving the competitiveness of products
The article represents the results of the study of
existing technologies of primary processing of pelts
of chinchillas, including killing, pelting, shaping,
trimming, dressing, drying, preserving and storage of
skins used at fur farms in Europe, North and South
America
The article presents the results of the research of primordial and borrowed lexicon in the system of elementary relationship terms. The results of the research show that the overwhelming majority of terms belong to the primordially Turkic lexical units, but with noticeable lexical, semantic and phonetic deviation from the initial forms. Also our research founded the existence of terms of Yakut origin. During its historical development the Yakut language has absorbed some foreign-language terms which surely influenced to the development of Yakut terms of relationship
The aim of the article is to demonstrate binarism as a
method of theoretical perception. First of all, the
authors define the initial concept of binarism as a
principle of differentiating binary oppositions which
came from philology into other sciences. Then, they
stipulate the application conditions of binarism as a
methodological principle, namely, both members of
the opposition are stipulated, however, reasoning
should not contain such logical mistakes as ‘defining
through negation’ and ‘range of evidence’.
Subsequently, logic of description is connected with
stipulation of the ‘life’ concept, first, philosophically,
then, using propositions of some natural sciences,
namely, biological and, further on, physical and
astrophysical definitions. Every time the authors use
binary principle in describing these propositions. So,
every time it becomes evident that if death can be
defined as absence of life, the concept of life requires
another approach, based on positive statements, which
is also hard to do as it leads the researchers to the limit
‘nothing’ – ‘everything’; ‘not being’ – ‘being’. The
results of the article have double nature. As the aim of
the investigation was to demonstrate application
features of the definite methodological principle,
representation of the material may be considered as
the aim achievement. In addition, in the concluding
part the authors draw a line, formulating theoretical
propositions, which concern both natural science and
philosophical argumentation
Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
The article deals with the theoretical basis for building the structure of a mathematics supply of unified software and hardware complex of a land transport management enterprises. It proposes the criteria for realizability of manufacturing operations. We formulate the problem of the choice of vehicles and their optimal allocation of process operations
The article presents the author’s insight into the theoretical foundations of plant breeding for self-pollinators and cross-pollinators. From the author’s point of view, plant breeding techniques depend on a type of pollination, population propagation and isolation from other variety pollen. Adaptive properties of crops are described as ones depending on a genetic type (genetically pure lines, populations, hybrids, pure varieties and clones). The key role of seeds in preserving a plant variety, or a cultivar, is emphasized. In the article, cultivar and yield qualities of seeds are characterized. The reasons for seed deterioration and yield decrease have been looked into. Improvement of main crops such as wheat, barley, rye, rice, soybeans, maize, triticale, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets is characterized in detail. The author shares the traditional point of view on the seed breeding program. It includes following steps: development phase (breeder’s seed), maintenance phase (in which a quantity of seed is maintained under high standards) and the distribution phase (production of commercial seed for distribution to the public). The difference between primary and secondary seed selection is explained. The best periods for crop rotation and crop renovation are also described. The legally enforceable standards of quality and genetic purity for different crops are presented in the article. It is pointed out that it is vital to maintain high cultivar qualities after multiplication and distribution of the new variety. Only large-scale pedigree system for seed production promotes it
Problems of formation and evaluation of the
feasibility of the plans and programs of development
of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant
and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field
of production of innovative aviation technology we
have offered an improved method of program
planning, which has been extended with
comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and
managing risks objectively exist in the field of
aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The
authors have reviewed the basis for the development
of plans and programs for the development of
modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of
plans for its establishment; formulated
methodological principles for the definition to be
included in the work plans; built formalized
procedure to account risks arising from the
implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of
this new method and its tool for implementation will
improve the efficiency of the process of substitution
of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic
counterparts