For the effective development of modern industrial gardening, it is necessary to maximize the use of the biological potential of cultivated varieties of fruit crops. In order to identify the most valuable for use in breeding and production of varieties and elite forms of apple regional and foreign selection studied the features of growth and fruiting of apple genotypes. The objects of study are 14 varieties and 2 elite forms of apple. In the work, programs and methods of selection and sorting studies that are generally accepted and developed with the participation of employees of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW were used. According to the results of many years of research, low-growing apple varieties that are promising for breeding and production have been identified: the Golden Crown, Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chif, Sunrise, Novella, Talisman, and the elite form 12/2-20-35. Low-growing varieties with a convenient vertical crown are distinguished: Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chief. Selected varieties of regional breeding: immune to scab Carmen and highly resistant to scab Favorite Dutovoy, possessing a complex of significant features: fruitful, low growth, with a vertical form of crown as the most valuable for use in breeding and production
The article studies the influence of the different time sowing periods of Volzhsky First winter barley variety on the grain yield and the elements of its structure in the conditions of LLC “Vpered” of the Spassky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The research was being conducted from 2015 to 2018. The barley was sown in four periods: from August 20 to September 19 (with an interval of 10 days) with the clean fallow as its predecessor. We used the seeding rate of 2.5 million seedlings per hectare. The maximum grain yield of the winter barley was 3.94 t / ha. This corresponds to the sown date of August 20, the density of productive stalk of 226 pieces / m2 and an ear productivity of 1.800 g. Winter barley has a high tillering ability. The maximum value of the coefficient of productive bushiness – 4,80 and 3.25 was noted when sowing the barley on August 20
As the result of introduction research of Dagestan endemic Allium gunibicum under mountain conditions seed productivity variability data were obtained. An analysis of the data revealed significant difference in seed productivity performance of samples (inflorescence mass, seed mass, mass of 100 seeds, fruit number, ovules number, number of seeds, percentage of fruit bloom, seeds formation coefficient) among themselves both within one-year research and annually. The analysis showed that under the introduction with the same conditions the mean values of seed productivity characteristics decrease together with increasing of the sea level of collecting locations; at the same time, a mass of 100 seeds increases. The most variable factors were found out. They are seed mass in inflorescence, seed number in inflorescence, seeds formation coefficient. And the steadiest factors are a percentage of fruit bloom and mass of 100 seeds. As the result of the one-way analysis of variance a significant influence of the altitude above the sea level and slope disposition were discovered
The article presents modern methods of biotechnology used in dairy cattle breeding to increase the highly productive herd on the example of one of the farms of the Krasnodar region. The embryo transplantation method is described in detail, and a complete scheme of embryo flushing and transfer is presented. Requirements for donors and recipients, as well as for hormonal stimulation of superovulation, high-quality embryos are described. In the example of a three-year use of embryo transplantation in Agroholding Kuban company, the results are given on the number of dairy breeds of black-and-white Holstein cows, milk yield, and the quality indicator of milk. The article also proves economic efficiency
The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus
The objective of the research was to study the patterns of deformation with the different internal structure in a tire envelope with the standard size of 30.5-32 in propulsion units for modern mobile farm vehicles. The research method is experimental with the use of «a tire tester» and specially developed devices for determining the deformations of the tire envelope concerning the rim in circular and radial directions. Output indicators of a wheel with the pneumatic tire are determined by the ability of the tire to be deformed so that at small hysteresis losses in the rubber-cord envelope the largest area of the contact with a substructure have been created. This circumstance has special significance when developing the tires for mobile farm vehicles with the high power saturation, the patterns of deformation of which are poorly studied now. The analysis of the carried out experimental researches has shown the expediency of application of the experimental tires with the same standard size, offered in the work, on the propulsion units of the mobile farm vehicles instead of diagonal and radial tires. The rolling resistance of the experimental tires 30.5E-32 is lower than the rolling resistance of serially produced tires, and the developed area of contact is higher and that provides the decrease in the condensing impact on the soil
The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
A number of authors (Milaeva I. V., Zaitsev S. Yu., Dovzhenko N. A., Tsarkov D. V., Tsarkova M. S., 2015) have proposed a regression model and a method for indirect measurement of fat and protein content in cow's milk by its dynamic surface tension, which has a number of advantages over the traditional approach. The model reflects the objectively existing relations between the content of fat and protein in cow's milk and parameters of centigrams of dynamic surface tension at the interface of the milk/air. These relationships are revealed by the authors of the method wit mathematical processing of 112 empirical samples. For this purpose, they have applied regression and correlation analysis (in MS Excel). Since the content of fat and proteins in milk largely determines its quality, this problem refers to the problems of qualimetry. However, this problem of qualimetry also refers to typical problems of pattern recognition (multi-parameter typing and system identification), and therefore it is possible that the quality of its solution can be improved by the use of artificial intelligence methods, in particular cognitive and information technologies. Moreover, these relationships are quite complex. The use of intelligent technologies also creates additional opportunities for the study of the simulated subject area by studying its model. All this is of great scientific and practical interest for both researchers and practitioners. To solve all these problems in the work we have applied Automated System-Cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool which is an intelligent system called "Eidos". A numerical example based on real data has been considered in detail as well
The article presents organoleptic and physicochemical characteristic of baking wheat bread with 25% addition of flour of sorghum, and also wheat flour
The article discusses the need to control the technological parameters of wheat germination. A method of intensification of this process is proposed by pretreatment of grain with ultrasonic effect using the ULTA-0.63 / 22-OL apparatus UZTA-0.63 / 22-OL, Biysk. We have evaluated various modes of ultrasonic processing of the grain and their effect on the germination energy and the total number of nested and sprouted grains. We have also conducted optimization of grain processing conditions during germination. Based on the technological capabilities of the device and the optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure, the following exposure parameters were determined: 340 W and 5 minutes of exposure (soft wheat grain) and 397 W and 6 minutes of exposure (grain of durum wheat). The authors note that the intensification of this process significantly depends on varieties and qualities of wheat grain, since the process is complex and depends on many parameters. The use of ultrasonic treatment allows intensifying the soaking process and reducing the duration of this technological operation up to 6 hours for both samples of grain of soft and durum wheat. At the same time, for the necessary moistening of the grain, a ratio of water and grain for 1: 1 is sufficient, since there were no significant differences in the intensity of grain moistening