The backgrounds of agent-based control in social and economic systems are discussed. The first background is based on the subjectivity of each control in social and economic systems, since such systems are regulated by people, serve them or affect their interests. The second background results from the fact that the control is effective due to the phenomenon of control agent’s mental activity, which includes an availability to see the future of the outside world through a various of targets, to rank and consciously select targets and ways to achieve them in accordance with agent’s preferences, to communicate using the natural language, in order to develop the emergence of organizational systems. The third background provides the development of special human abilities, which are the phenomenon of their subjective activities, based on a transition from the above human behavior models to formal models for the purpose of control and from formal models to descriptive ones — for the purpose of how the control agent should act. The fourth background lies in a need to eliminate a gap between descriptive and mathematical control sciences, the agent-oriented control targets and selection of actions. The fifth background towards the development of a new mathematical administrative subject, allows studying a wide enough variety of administrative events in social and economic systems, operating constructively with basic concepts and subjects of the agent-oriented control, what is equivalent to a new branch of mathematics – preferences models calculus. The provisions of the concept of agent-oriented control in social and economic systems are represented. The provisions of the concept are related to definitions, integrated assessment method (analysis problem), method of the intellectual support of decision-making (synthesis problem) and information technologies, which are an instrumental base of the agent-oriented control in social and economic systems
The article deals with the importance of agricultural products in meeting the needs of the population. Recent years its volume has grown considerably from abroad. However, the size of agricultural production declined sharply due to the economic sanctions from the EU, the USA and other countries against Russia. The article explains a number of areas of the import of foreign agricultural products domestically. In the first place, we have to progressively develop the production of crops and the livestock. In the food market due to the intensification of the work of many of the subjects of agricultural production we can see many other agricultural products, which have gradually reduced the level of dependence on imports. All this was stated in the article with the specific examples of increasing agricultural production in many regions of the country
The article substantiates the idea that intellectual capital while forming is aimed to the implementation of upgrades and innovations to the work of economic entities to actively improve their performance. Source for intellectual capital is labor, which is based on knowledge, skill and professionalism, and later it "turns" individuals into creative individual work. This work, incarnating in any reasonable ideas or technical development, confirms thereby generating the essence of intellectual capital. Its performance becomes visible if the virtual creative ideas are realized in practice. From this perspective, it is important to know that the formation of intellectual capital depends on the directed activities of employees in areas where they would carry it out, and classification of organizational and legal structures of business entities, but also on favorable conditions for productive creativity. In this regard, it is important to adequately assess the costs created by the new product, the share of the money earned therein by a specific intellectual capital worker. As a variant it is proposed to carry out these calculations using the practice of charging interest in the banking business
The article deals with the essence of the financial results and the need for their operational accounting in economic activities by AIC agents. The authors studied the order of profit formation in agricultural organizations′ management accounting based on industry characteristics, industrial activity specificity, operating cycle duration and management personnel functions. The study proved the need for financial responsibility centers with a view to the most effective organization of business entity management: income centers, cost centers, profit centers. Business entities profit is characterized by its forms and types diversity. As a result of research the authors determined the main classification features according to which this category is considered with better understanding of its economic essence. The accounting financial results will be more objective in the case they timely and present the necessary information for analysis and making management solutions. The authors found that the restriction of income and expenses included in the profit from ordinary activities, determines the need of the development of the alternative accounting within the system of management accounting. The each participant of accounting and analysis provision of financial results formation has particular conditions which cannot be used in traditional accounting or for modern economics analysis. As a result, the authors have carried out an assessment of financial results of accounting with use of analytical procedures
The article presents a computer program for estimation of economic efficiency of investments in car service companies. Estimation of economic efficiency of investments is the most important problem on the development stage of creating the project, modernization and development of production, including car service. Car service is one of the most intensive developing sectors of Russian economics due to increasing amount of vehicles, and therefore, it is a significant part of works and services that compose the gross domestic product. At the same time, investments in companies of car service are risky, because wrong prognosis of economic efficiency can lead to unprofitability of the company or inadmissible time of investments payback. For reducing risks of incorrect investing we have designed a special computer program for estimation of economic efficiency of investments in companies of car service. It can determine different efficiency indicators and take into consideration all the different payments and required investments. The results of the program operation are outputting in forms of the informative table and the plot of the really project estimating. Visual Basic for implementation in MS Excel is the language of realization program, because it doesn’t require additional license
The article defines the targets to improve the management of agribusiness development in the region face of the deteriorating financial and economic crisis: the growth of competitiveness of domestic agricultural products on the basis of the modernization of technical and technological base of agriculture, introduction of innovative technologies of agricultural production and the creation of conditions for the development of an innovative environment; raising incomes and productivity growth. As controls, the development of regional agriculture has justified following priorities focused on its effective functioning: Rural development as a fundamental condition for qualitative growth agricultural industries, including its innovative and resource potential; implementation of an innovative model of development of regional agriculture based on high-tech technologies of agricultural production; development of adapted institutional environment; scientific and staffing, as an essential condition for activation of innovation processes in the regional agro-industrial complex; innovation and innovative development of agribusiness; modernization of its technical and technological base; greening and biologization agricultural production; adjustment of the development strategy of agribusiness in the region due to aggravated the global financial and economic crisis and the need to promptly provide import substitution due to increased volumes of agricultural production and achieve competitive parameters produced by the domestic agricultural products
Estimates of the errors of the characteristics of financial flows of investment projects are needed to make adequate management decisions, particularly in the rocket and the space industry. Organizational-economic approaches to the estimations of the feasibility of innovation-investment projects to create rocket and space technologies require intensive use of numerical characteristics of the financial flows of long-term projects of this type. In organizational-economic support for control problems in the aerospace industry we must provide the need to obtain the estimates of the errors of the characteristics of financial flows. Such estimates are an integral part of the organizational-economic support of innovation activity in the aerospace industry. They can be compared with the predictions interval, i.e. confidence estimation of predictive values. Half the length of the confidence interval is the prediction error estimate. In this article we give the new method for estimating the errors of the main characteristics of the investment projects. We focus on the net present value called NPV. Our method of estimation of errors is based on the results of statistics interval data, which is an integral part of the system fuzzy interval mathematics. We construct asymptotic theory which corresponds to small deviations of discount coefficients. The error of NPV has been found as the asymptotic notna. With up to infinitesimals of higher orders the error of NPV is a linear function of the maximum possible error of discount coefficients
Improvement of the organizational structures can increase the efficiency of enterprises. Controlling of personnel in companies such as "Research Institute" is a tool to support personnel decisions; it contributes to the strategic goals and tactical objectives. This article describes the main types of organizational structures, their properties, sociometric research as a tool for management, the stages of implementation of model of controlling of personnel in human resource management system for companies such as "Research Institute". Controlling of personnel is in regulation of HR processes, benchmarking, monitoring the implementation of the goals, taking into account the costs of implementing improved management systems, etc. It aims to determine the quality, efficiency and optimality of specific mechanisms, technologies and methods for the implementation of the HR function. Objectively, the volume of realization of the HR function depends on the presence of a certain quantities of material, labor, financial and other resources, on the objectives of the enterprise at different stages of the life cycle, as well as the number and qualifications of personnel. The quality of realization of the HR function depends on the level of its top-management's understanding of the importance of human resource management in the enterprise, as well as of the skill level of middle management. Controlling of HR function allows us to create an information base for effective management decisions that can help us to optimize the system of personnel management in the circumstances of the market environment, which is a necessary basis for the successful development of enterprises working in the field of high technology products and services
The article discusses development factors in agricultural production and marks the difficulties impeding positive dynamics: low levels of accessibility to credits, capital intensity, power availability, organic and mineral fertilizers application, infrastructure of the commodity market, particularly small farms. It refers to the most important external and internal production factors. Among the limiting factors we should note high lending cost, fiscal, changes in tax policy, volatility and price disparity, lack of working capital, financial risks, depreciation of fixed assets, problems with the mechanization in the field of production, shortage of skilled workers. In the article we note factors of increasing economic efficiency including government assistance in the area of lending, incentive policy, insurance, innovation promote, using of advanced domestic and foreign technologies in the modernization processes of production, assistance in staff professional development. It is noted that to improve the financial sustainability of regional agricultural companies today we need a more equitable economic distribution mechanism using of state regulation funds and a support to specific producers and processors of agricultural products, taking into account natural, territorial rents, levels of use of the resource potential, production costs, final contribution to the formation of a regional product. This approach will improve the effectiveness of the targeted direct government support of the particular agricultural industry, including small farms
The article is devoted to optimization of transport streams. The authors investigate the concept of "optimization of transport streams" and the solution of transport tasks by various methods, revealing the minimum cost of costs of transportation of production. The volume of transport tasks of a measure of industrialization of agriculture steadily increases, thus the volume of transportations as agriculture, and the industrial output delivered to agriculture grows. It is necessary to find the optimum structure of vehicles providing the minimum costs for transportation. This classical transport task has about two tens methods of the decision. In our article we study a route of the movement at which there will be minimum costs of transportation of the production on the example of “Viktoriya”. As sales now is one of the most traditional and significant scopes of information technologies, the emerging market of trade even more often faces problems, concerning automation of information and material streams. A widespread problem of this area is optimization of routes of the movement on delivery of goods. Its decision will allow: to guarantee timely delivery of goods to the customer; to cut fuel consumption; to provide rational use of resources vehicle fleet. In the article the technique of creation of the plan of transportation of semi-finished products of "Domashnie Pelmeni" is offered for “Viktoriya” company