Name
Byshоv Nikоlay Vladimirоvich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Web site url
—
Articles count: 31
Condition monitoring is a necessary element of the
transport and special machinery in agriculture. The
task of the control operations other than the
determination of the technical state of the object is to
determine the required amount of work, as well as
rational amount of collateral the repair of which could
be combined with the next maintenance. Based on the
results of processing of the information, we may
generate requests for service. In the conditions of
uncertainty of receipt of requests for servicing of
individual machines, estimated volumes and timing,
we have am appropriate development of applied
technique of justification of the number of diagnostic
posts for interactive control of a technical condition
of vehicles and special machinery in agriculture. The
presented methodology is based on probabilistic
methods, and allows the quick optimization of the
number of existing posts interactive diagnostics in the
enterprise, if necessary, translating the existing posts
in "standby" mode, or Vice versa, returning from a
reserve in "work" mode. The production and
technical base of the enterprise service based on the specific assumptions are considered as a system of
mass service (SMO), and the function of such a SMO
– as the process of mass service. The process of
queuing as applied to interactive diagnosis are
"Markov" processes "death and reproduction" with a
finite or countable number of States and continuous
time. To describe the states of the system we use the
system of the Kolmogorov equations for steady state
of "Markov" process. On their basis, we have
determined average queue length, time of stay orders
in the queue, number of busy channels and the
bandwidth of the CFR. Using the intensity of the
requests and the service time of a single application
for specific equipment, the article establishes the
efficiency of online diagnosis posts. The result of the
proposed applied methodology enables timely
decision-making about the need for reconstruction or
technical re-equipment of the company
The article presents the methods of efficient monitoring rate of the mobile agricultural equipment brake system based on the usage of methods of the theory of relativity. We have considered the methods of the brake gear monitoring rate according to the acceptable level of reliability, to the technical index and change logic of the technical parameters state and economic-probabilistic method. From the above-stated one can see, first, that diagnosing usage is the development of maintenance preventive strategy. Second, its practicability and the ways of realization are determined by technical and economic calculations
The article presents the way to identify the mobile agricultural equipment technical status control perio-dicity based on the comparison of its defect-free per-formance given probability with its calculated value in order to decrease significantly the efforts to estimate control periodicity and increase the results authenticity at the expense of mobile agricultural equipment prob-able characteristics calculation
Gardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable
branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit
production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of
the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year
are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum
consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a
low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria
of world production of fruits. The production of gardens
is not competitive enough and does not meet the
requirements of the highest quality categories of
domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is
necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit
growing using the most valuable varieties and
progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article,
we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well
as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques
in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that
promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of
fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs
during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit
garden. The wide development of intensive
technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific
climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of
competitiveness and profitability of production is one of
the necessary conditions for the further development of
gardening in Russia
One of the promising directions of development of
agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase
the production, improve the quality and decrease the
cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of
the most intense and costly in transport and
technological processes. Potatoes - blending high
culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest
yields and income from potato production get where
embedded technology to optimize energy and labor
costs. The main (though not only) the special
technical means used during machine harvesting
potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem
when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting
requirements to the process and possibilities of
agricultural machinery. Including increasing the
purity of the tubers in the container with one hand,
minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the
other hand, when the performance of equipment. In
this article we propose a circuit-design solution
separating the working body of the potato harvester
that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the
amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of
separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the
preconditions for the elimination of damage to the
tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of
harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use
of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in
modern potato harvesting machines at work in
specific climatic conditions allows them to fully
match the list of regulated agronomic requirements.
Thus, the creation of new science-based technical
solutions for a separation of the organs of potato
harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which
makes a significant contribution to the development
of the country
The article describes the device that allows to take immediate measurements of soil moisture while harvesting potatoes and to identify optimum fluctuation modes of the working element in it
In the study of the processes of growing, harvesting,
post-harvesting processing and delivery of fruit and vegetables it seems to be rational to have generalized
control of the "product – environment – packaging –
transport - storage" in general, as well as providing
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for fruit
and vegetable products depending on its condition.
The basis of ensuring product integrity at all stages of
production is a system approach with application of
modern information technologies. Optimization of
logistic processes in the agro-industrial complex
(AIC), in addition to cost, market influences many
important indicators of the final product of this
complex: quality, timing and reliability of supply, the
size of the delivered batches, etc. The quality of fruits
and vegetables begins to change dramatically
immediately after harvesting. Being in a stressful and
unfavorable conditions, fruit, vegetables, root crops
intensively lose moisture and consume nutrients,
secrete aromatic substances, carry out the breathing
process. These losses are caused by biological factors
fit fruit and vegetable products to the changed
conditions. Thus, the main indicators of the quality of
products to control rationally in the process of
harvesting and subsequent production phases take
into account the data obtained to optimize process
parameters to reduce losses and damage products.
The article discusses the prospects of applying the
system-information approach to the formation of
quality of fruits and vegetables during transportation
and storage. The proposed embodiment of a
generalized control of the "product – environment –
packaging – transport - storage", aimed at ensuring
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for
easy-to-sell agricultural products (fruits, vegetables,
root crops) depending on its condition. We have
established that rational technology of production and
sales of products must have the ability to control and
operational adjustments depending on the level of
quality input products from the stage of harvest
The article deals with the questions of effective vehicles’ operation when in farm transportation of horticultural products. They have proposed the technical solutions to increase the productivity and safety of hauling units during their operation and to decrease the transported production damage
Modern condition agricultural transport (a significant part of it about 70%) is characterized by a strong deterioration of the rolling stock, the unsatisfactory state of the production base. More than 30% of vehicles operated outside the normative service life, the rest approaching to that state. In general, the provision of agrarian and industrial complex with agricultural vehicles is way below agrotechnical requirements. In the long term, farm machine engineering should focus on indicators of the technical level achieved by best samples of foreign agricultural machinery. Priority development is likely to receive the development of innovative technologies that provide a significant increase in productivity, efficiency and resource conservation in agriculture.
To address the shortcomings of transport services agrarian and industrial complex we should improve transport technology with the use of transport logistics, expand and update the existing vehicle fleet, but due to the low solvency of agricultural companies and high prices for of automotive engineering, the problem of providing agricultural vehicles becomes most acute. Thus, the creation of new science-based solutions in technology and engineering for transportation farm produce in terms of Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and technical task that contributes significantly to the development of the country, as well as enhances the enjoyment of breakeven, competitive manufacturing
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it