The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
The article presents results of the six-year study of the
effect of stocks Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB and
Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B on yield, quality of
grapes and wine Rkatsiteli in the central zone of the
Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on the scion strongly
depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given
year, there is a stock, better adapted to the weather
conditions. Stocks of Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B
increases winter hardiness variety Rkatsiteli. On
average, during six years the stocks have not been
resulted in significant difference between the
percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile
shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and
fruitbearing shoots Rkatsiteli. Among all the
influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks is
0.1-0.4%. Some differences in forming of generative
organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under
the influence of stocks do not lead to significant
differences in biological terms of fruiting varieties in
the whole piece. On average, six years of significant
difference in the effect of stocks on the average weight
of the bunches, and the yield is not defined - the
degree of influence of rootstocks on mentioned
indicators is 0,1-2,1%. A significant impact of stocks
on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has
not been discovered. The degree of influence of
stocks on to the final sugar content and acidity of
berries is 0.3 and 14.5%, respectively. The wine
produced from Rkatsiteli berries on a stock Berlandieri
× Riparia Kober 5BB has the better tasting score than
on the stock Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B (7.5 and 7.4
points, respectively). The main influence on fruiting of
the variety Rkatsiteli was provided by the conditions
of the current and previous vegetation. Within the
conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region
the cultivating of the variety Rkatsiteli is reasonable
for both studied stocks
The impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil
phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz
suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of
the study were sod-gley leached soils and different
varieties of triticale plants. The research was
conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology
of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives
data on microelements content in soils and plants
within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial
enterprises. There was a marked change of
miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their
penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort
characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in
vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The
conducted research is informative for soil and plant
condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted
environment. The work indicates the increasing danger
of microelements (including heavy metals)
accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological
cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants,
animals and people during the usage of fertilizers,
especially their high doses. The most dangerous
among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead.
We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of
these metals. The results of the research can be used in
soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and
diagnosis and in development of regional
environmental regulation
The article presents brief results of the introduction of
Hibiscus syriacus L. varieties for a signs collection in
the south of Russia. Since 2007, Federal State
Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian
Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and
Viticulture (Krasnodar) has been working on the
introduction and researching of Hibiscus Syriacus
varieties and signs collection is being formed.
Introduced varieties of hibiscus are obtained in zones
with a moderate temperature-humidity regime,
therefore not all are easily adapted in the conditions of
the south of Russia. According to the results of the
research, several varieties of sources of valuable traits
have been identified. Varieties with pure white petals:
Totus Alba, William R. Smith, White Chiffon, White
Pillar. Varieties with bright crimson color petals:
Freedom, Carneus Plenus, Woodbridge, Duc de
Brabant. The Blue Chiffon variety is the source of
bright blue petals, Sanchonyo is a source of bright
purple-crimson petals. Of great value are varieties that
have an unusual combination in the color of petals,
like the varieties Monstrosus and Hamabo. By the
sign: a large flower (d of a flower more than 12 cm),
the collection includes varieties White Chiffon, Chaina
Chiffon, Pink Giant. Variety Dorothi Crane and
hybrids: T-16-11, T-7-11, K-16-12 are identified as
sources of round, wheel-shaped flower. With a double
flower type, the varieties are represented by varieties:
Blue Chiffon, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Leopoldii,
Speciosus, Lucci, Sanchonyo, Freedom, Carneus
Plenus. Varieties: Woodbrige, Russion Violet, Ledy
Stenly, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Purple Pillar
are sources of abundant long (more than 3 months)
flowering. With a high degree of self-purification after
flowering, varieties are distinguished: White Chiffon,
Sanchonyo, Purple Pillar, White Pillar, Freedom.
Varieties: China Chiffon, Freedom, Lucii, Leopoldii,
RussionViolet, hybrid forms: T-16-11, T-18-11, T-21-
12 are characterized by increased adaptability to
abiotic factors in south of Russia. Dedicated varieties and forms - sources of valuable economic and
biological characteristics are of interest for involving
in selection and allow to model varieties with given
properties
Winter wheat is very demanding on the nutrient regime of the soil. Like many winter crops, it consumes the nutrients unevenly distributed during the vegetation period, which must be considered when making them. Modern varieties of winter wheat are very demanding to soil fertility. For the formation of 4,0-4,5 t/ha requires about 140 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg phosphorus and 120 kg potassium. Therefore, without the use of fertilizers, it is not possible to obtain such a crop with high grain quality. In addition, in the cultivation of winter wheat in the high and intensive technologies simply need using large amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the removal of nutrients. This is especially important when having partial or complete reduction of application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, we consider the possibility and the results of studies using different doses, combinations and types of fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of southern zone of Rostov region, on experimental fields of the federal state scientific institution «ASС «Donskoy». For research, we have chosen the most common varieties of winter wheat (Tanais, Granite, Axinite, Terra, Donskoy prostor, Motto) and various combinations and combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiments were conducted on two predecessors: couples and peas. As the controllable parameters we had the productivity and quality of winter wheat. We have found a positive impact of the in-change of fertilizer on the studied parameters with a share of the variance of 96% and a high degree of correlation of 0,98. The marked increase in the productivity of winter wheat is up to 22% when using different versions of the experiment. We have identified rational combination doses of mineral and organic nutrition for predecessors: peas N40P60K40+2N30 and vapor – manure 40t/ha+2Р60+2N30
One of the prospect directions in new sunflower
hybrid development is cold resistance breeding in
the emergency stage. Sunflower hybrids with
uniform emergency and high rate growth under the
low temperature conditions could allow to
introduce sunflower in the new regions of our
country and so to increase sunflower acreage. The
aim of our work was to screen all sunflower
available samples for growth rate under the low
temperature and to select the best lines and initial
material for future breeding. 140 sunflower lines of
VNIIMK breeding and hybrid populations on their
base were used as a material. Seeds of every sample
were incubated during the 10 days in the thermostat
under 100 С. Seed germination was evaluated for
the each sample along with the seedling size. As a
result the most prospective samples were selected
for the future breeding work. On the second stage
of the experiment one selected population was
evaluated on the Breeding station of Vavilov’s AllRussian
Research Institute of Plant Industry in the
city of Pushkin (Leningrad region). Seeds from the
best plants were obtained in this place and will be
used for the new lines development.
So the effectiveness of selection of sunflower
samples for growth rate under the low temperature
was verified and this method could be used to
introduce sunflower in the new regions of our
country with more severe climatic conditions
Basic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and
increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana
tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and
state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for
zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8
new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type
are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in
Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for
five years. For this purpose, phenological observations,
biometric and technological properties measuring,
plant productivity and dried tobacco quality
assessments and other operations were carried. As the
result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63
sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in
industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts
with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco
and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle
maturing keeps high productivity and quality of
cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist
311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can
be initial material for further selection
The article presents the results of studying the impact of different options for cutting fruit vines on the growth and productivity of shoots of the grapes. The obtained experimental data indicate the excessive overload of vines with eyes and shoots when performing contour trimming bushes without normalizing the choice of shoots, in comparison with other variants of experience. A significant increase of eyes on the vines when performing contour cutting was because during this method of cutting, the cutoff is at a certain level all the shoots are horizontal on the arm vines. A big load of vines shoots when performing contour cutting has reduced the length of shoots at 48 – 51%, and leaf area developed on the shoots of 53 – 54%. While the lowest productivity was different shoots developed on the vines in 3 variant, because here the contour cutting vines was not accompanied by a subsequent breaking of superfluous shoots, which have overloaded the bushes shoots. At the same time, contour cutting vines with subsequent breaking of the normalizing excess shoots were allowed to grow for fruiting the bushes a sufficient amount of normally developed shoots with high productivity and good quality bunches
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
Feeding lactating dairy cows of the Simmental breed
using the collection of herbs with Тhyмus bituminosus
Klok, Achillea millefolium L., Polygonum aviculare
L., Galium verum L, Chamerion angustifolium L.,
Sanguisórba officinális, Stellaria media L. and
Amaranthus retraflexus L. contributed to a better
digestibility and nutrient utilization of diets. A high
level of digestibility by cows experimental compared
to the control group is set with respect to the dry and
organic matter of 2.0% and a crude protein 1.4 %.
When using the collection of herbs, there was an
increase in the antioxidant status of erythrocyte cells in
blood of dairy cows as expressed in the increasing
content of low molecular weight antioxidants in blood
cells by 1.4 times in reducing the intensity of lipid
peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes in 1,2 times, in
comparison with the control values. The use of the
collection of herbal increases milk yield of cows of the
experimental group by 7.4 %, increases by the 16.2 %
yield of milk fat and the protein content of 10.7 % in
milk of dairy cows compared to the control group