The purpose of the study was to examine a century of
experience of growing of forest cultures of the
Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of
the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we
have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone
pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the
territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic.
Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after
continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5
m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five
options, depending on variations in the width of
planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m,
V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian
stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are
characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It
can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average
height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter
of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3
/ha. Best
annual increase is observed in growing cultures of
cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of
7,93 m3
/ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded
that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for
introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved
forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating
crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant
density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and
the width of the planting strip shall be not less than
40,0 m.
The study of the productive qualities of crossbred
offspring from different breeding combinations and
identifying the most effective ones providing the
maximum increase in the production of high quality
lamb while reducing its cost is an important problem
and is essential for further development of methods of
creating a new type of precocious meat and wool
sheep. In the Rostov region in the result of the
establishment of populations of meat-wool sheep there
are several groups of animals with different
characteristics and hereditary inclinations. As the base
of the work there is a method of mating and breeding
of sheep of the desired type. The article presents the
results of one of the fragments of a large complex
work in which the possibility of using three-pedigree
hybrids, created with the involvement of potential
salskaya, edilbaevskaya and intense meat-wool breed,
which is severokavkazskaya, to improve productive
quality in the breeding of sheep. We have evaluated
productivity and biological features of hybrids and
proved the economic efficiency of their use in the
production of mutton. We have given the results of the
control slaughter and assessment of qualitative
indicators of the meat of young sheep. The set of
indicators characterizing meat productivity and meat
quality revealed that the superiority of the studied
indicators remained for two - and three-bred cross
cattle. Hybrids have a higher rate of growth and
quality parameters of meat productivity. These options
are simple and complex industrial crossing are
promising and can be implemented and used on the
farms of the zone of breeding Merino sheep. Thus, the
use of crossbreeding gives an opportunity to convert a
flock of sheep in the desired direction quickly. At the
same time, three-pedigree hybrids better combine the
valuable qualities of the used species
The article presents the results of a study to determine
changes in indicators of fertility in typical chernozem
of the Belgorod region and the productivity of corn
using different agricultural technologies, including
with elements of biologization
Tasting and smoking properties of tobacco products
depend on chemical composition of dried tobacco. The
most important are nicotine, carbohydrates, and
proteins. Their content is controlled when new sorts
are bred. In the article data on chemical composition
and their analysis for some hybrids, new and zoned
sorts are presented. Most of studied samples had
medium nicotine content in dried tobacco. Hybrid of
Jubileiniy noviy 142 and Ostrolist 46, sorts: Trapezond
159, 359, 115 and Ostrolist 46 were characterized as
low nicotine tobaccos. Jubileiniy (standard) and
Oktiabrskii were characterized as high nicotine
tobaccos. This indicator depends on rain quantity
during vegetation period. During drought seasons this
indicator is higher. Total soluble carbohydrates content
affects smoke taste. The more water soluble
carbohydrates content the better smoking properties
tobacco has. Unlike nicotine, carbohydrates content
when rainy season increases. Best results were for
Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii. Proteins have
negative effect on smoke taste as it becomes bitter and
with smell of burned feathers. Most of studied hybrids
have quite high protein content. For cured tobacco
quality assessment, not total contents of proteins and
carbohydrates are important but their ratio
(carbohydrates/proteins) called Shmuk ratio. Best
results were for Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii
The article is devoted to the various elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat called Antonina with the application of different soil fertility backgrounds, fertilizer norms, and plant protection systems against weeds, pests and diseases. Investigations are carried out in a multivariate stationary experiment: factor ‘A’- soil fertility; factor ‘B’ - fertilizer system; factor ‘C’ - the system of plants protection; factor ‘D’ - the main methods of soil tillage. Four models of soil fertility levels were studied in the experiment: А0 - initial (natural background); А1 - medium (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of solid manure); А2 - high (double dose); at А3 - high (tripled) on three backgrounds of basic soil tillage: nonmoldboard, recommended, moldboard with deep bursting and without the application of tillage (direct seeding and the natural rate of soil fertility). The soil is heavy leached black humus with humus content in the arable layer of 2.5% - 2.9%. Based on examined researches it was found that for the sustainable yield of winter wheat the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased, by that, the high quality of the grain is provided
The article describes the evaluation of reproductive,
fattening and meat qualities of pigs of purebred large
white breed (KB), crossbred ewes, derived from
crosses KB sows with boars of steppe type (ST) CM-1
and three-pedigree animals, obtained by crossing
crossbred ewes KB x ST with imported boars of
specialized meat breeds, such as Landrace (L) Duroc
(D) and pietrain (P). We have studied qualities such as
prolificacy, milk yield, live weight of the nest, the
average weight of one Piglet, the safety of the
offspring to weaning, maturity, which is closely
associated with average daily gain in live weight, meat
content of carcasses, their linear dimensions, meat
productivity, the amount of kidney fat, weight of
carcasses of animals of the experimental groups,
carcass yield
In breeding programs, evaluation of initial material is
made on all the stages of developing the variety. Great
difficulties for the breeding process are made by
absence of modern mechanisms for storing, retrieving,
manipulating the relevant data, and using the
information previously obtained for use in solving the
set breeding task. In order to organize the management
of breeding process for development of high-quality
rice varieties, based on the urgency of problem of
intellectual analysis of data, the Database "Rice
Quality" was designed as a set of structured data - the
rice quality characteristics identified in the stages of
the process of developing variety belonging to the
"Rice". In the domain model, the infologic model, a set
of parameters for evaluating rice quality in terms of
out-of-program components is defined. The program is
written in the Microsoft Access database environment
using built-in query building tools, forms, reports. The
structure of the developed tables includes static and
refreshed directories in which the necessary
information is stored, the tables are combined into
one-to-many relationships, while ensuring data
integrity, cascading updates and deletion of fields
Improving the quality of Russian cognac is of great
national importance. It should be noted that about
80% of Russian foreign brandies made from aged
cognac distillates. To obtain high-quality products
necessary technical-chemical control of production
starting from the vine and the conditions of its
growth. For a comprehensive evaluation of the
totality of important factors: climate, relief, soil and
variety. It is important to add that this grading must
be accompanied by the release of environmental
macro zones with viticulture specialization. In this
regard, there has been conducted a soil-cartographic
survey of lands of ACE "Fanagoria" in the Temryuk
district of the Krasnodar region. Evaluation took
place in view of all 4 factors, notably the soil factor;
and the content of lime in the soil and the degree of
salinity of soils. Soil analyzes were carried out in
FGBNU Anapa ZOSViV SKZNIISiV using the latest
equipment generally accepted methods for
determining indicators of soil characteristics. The
purpose of the research - to give a detailed description
of the survey area, as well as highlight the boundaries
of environmental macro zones for the cultivation of
grapes brandy. During the research, it was found that
for the selection and evaluation of raw material zones
for brandy production we must take into account soil
and climatic optimum performance to get quality
brandy raw materials
The extensive path for development in the country in the
twentieth century caused low competitiveness of
Russian pig production. The productivity of domestic
pig production was significantly lower than in Europe,
US, Canada and China. Feed costs per 1 kg of gain were
2-3 times higher with a low yield of piglets from a sow
per year: 14-16 with an average European 25-27 heads.
The country did not have enough meat; as a result, a
significant amount of meat products was imported to
Russia. Restrictions on imports in connection to the
imposition of embargoes contributed to the increase in
demand for domestic products and opened new
opportunities for Russian producers. One way to
increase the production of pork is to use pigs with a high
genetic potential for productivity, imported for breeding
from Canada and Europe. Based on the conducted
studies, it has been established that pigs of foreign
breeding have high reproductive qualities, which proves
the expediency of their application in commercial pig
production to increase the efficiency of the industry
development and reduce the import of pedigree
youngsters from abroad. The implementation of two
breed gilts will help increase productivity in the
industrial pig production
The article gives the results of the three years of
research to identify the main species composition of
fungal pathogens when stratified open and closed
methods. Biological efficiency of Guapsin, 0,2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5% is shown. During the period of
stratification, using an open method "on the water", the
following pathogens have evolved: Cladosporium
herbarum (18,6%), Trichotecium roseum (16,3%),
Phomopsis viticola (13,9%), Alternaria spp. (13,4%),
Penicillium sp. ( 9,1%), Aspergillus sp. (5,6%),
Pythium sp. (4,3%), Gonatobotrys flava (4,3%),
Mycelia sterilia (2,8%), Botrytis cinerea (2,2%). The
studies found that the close method of stratification in
the peat developed the following specific composition
of pathogens: Penicillium spp. (21,1%), Phomopsis
viticola (16,4%), Botrytis cinerea (15,3%),
Trichotecium roseum (11,1%), Alternaria spp. (8,2%),
Mycelia sterilia (1,0%). During the period of
stratification, biological efficiency Guapsin, 0.2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5%, was 31,9-88,0% and 28,2-86,3%,
respectively