Duration of vegetation period is one of the main
adaptive traits for any crop or variety. Reasonability
of cultivation of a variety in a particular soil and
climate zone is determined by the duration of the
vegetative period. One of the aims of breeding is
the creation of the varieties with the main vegetative
phases lasting at more favorable climatic conditions.
The most accurate way to determine maturity
group of a variety is by estimation of starting
of heading phase, which can be defined with the
greatest precision. The article covers the analysis of
the duration of the vegetative period of the lines
and varieties of winter barley of local and foreign
selection in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
All the varieties were divided into three maturity
groups. The vegetative periods of the varieties were
studied during four years. The most favorable and
adverse conditions for yield formation were determined.
The interactions between the productivity of
the varieties depending on maturity group were
identified. The varieties of the early maturity group
which are more productive than the check were
selected, which is most valuable for the breeding of
the crop. The best varieties with the high and stable
yield and the positive traits are regularly involved
in the breeding programs with the porpoise of making
new varieties of the winter barley
Increasing the productivity of agricultural plants,
including rice, is the most important area of breeding.
The creation of varieties with vertically leaved
architectonics allows to have a qualitative approach
not only to the process of formation of a highly
productive agrocenosis, but also to solve questions of
assessing the productivity of rice. To create highly
productive varieties, it is necessary to develop new,
more efficient methods of selection
The researches of the quality of 34 donor cows estrus
detection during superovulation induction period, after
Pg F2α injections were carried out. The clinical heat
index was set up and applied. The clinical heat index
is clinical prognostic criterion of successfulness of
superovulation induction and embryo productivity. It
was shown that donor cows showing signs of oestrus
during 48-72 hours after Pg F2α injections had the
best embryo collection qualities while certain increase
of degenerated or aborted embryos and unfertilized
oocytes is determined in embryo collections from
cows showing signs of oestrus before or after that
period
The experiment considered the influence of different
methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of
winter barley in the dependence of the investigated
factors. The studies were carried out at the
experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian
University in the conditions of multifactorial longterm
soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out
in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation
with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa,
winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat,
corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat,
spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary
experience is represented by the following factors: the
level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B);
plant protection system (factor C) and methods of
basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship
between the influence of the soil fertility level,
fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil
cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of
the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were
determined. The soil is chernozem leached superheavy
light-clay with an average thickness of the
humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil
treatment, seeding method; protective means increase
the yield of winter barley and positively influences the
elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in
comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8
c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the
fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%)
had a certain influence on the number of productive
stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the
spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage
(32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the
spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike
In the current economic conditions of the import
substitution, special importance is given to the
search for new feed sources, methods of preparing
them for feeding, the use of biologically active
substances and enzymes. At the forefront of feed
production is rape as breeding work with this
culture has showed positive results. Currently,
selectionists have bred yellow double-zero "00"
varieties of rapeseeds free of erucic acid of
"Canole" type, that have low glucosinolate level.
The development of new and modern technology
standards are required for preparation them for
feeding, since they are fundamentally different
from the previously used rapeseed varieties and
have fewer restrictions for feeding to different
types of farm animals and poultry. The article
presents a fairly lengthy and reasoned review of the
literature of a large number of authors on the topic,
as well as given rapeseed market analysis, rational
and advanced methods of preparing rapeseed
processed products for feeding to young and adult
animals. Much attention is paid to the use of a
variety of biologically active substances and
enzymes, which improve digestion and absorption
of nutrients from rations with rapeseed
processingproducts, increase productivity and
reduce feed costs per unit of production. The use of
processing products of rapeseed improves the
profitability of livestock production. Feeding of
rapeseedcake to cattle increases the protein content
and volatile fatty acids in the rumen content,
increases the number of infusoria and decreases
ammonia levels. The inclusion of rape forage in
diets of farm animals and poultry improves
hematological parameters. Products of rapeseed
processing of the varieties with low
glucosinolatesa1re recommended for the rations of
farm animals and poultry depending on the species,
age and physiological state
In this article, we present the results of the experiments on
the potential of productivity and accumulation of the root
mass of the Alfalfa and Brome-grass, on the content of the
main nourishment elements and the consolidation of gross
energy in the roots and agroenergetical effect of the
collected gross energy in the conditions of permafrost turf
soil of the Middle Lena valley. The maximum productivity
potential of beans and cereals grass mixture was reached
on the basis of the organic mineral nourishment regime:
the collected exchange energy – 21,3 GJ, feed units – 1568
and collected raw proteins – 428 kg per ha. Thus, the
content of digestible protein in beans and cereals grass
mixture agrophytocenoenosis was increased from 118 to
124 g, that exceeded a zootechnic norm (105 g). In general
the nitrogen contained in the total root mass of beans and
cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis was up to 26,6
centner per hectare and movable phosphorus- up to 33,6 kg
per hectare that can serve as the source of nourishment for
sown herbs. The maximal stock of gross energy in roots
was got in beans and cereals grass mixture
agrophytocenoenosis at organic-mineral degrees (humus of
40 centner per hectare once in 4 years + of N120PK60
annually) up to 157,1 GJ/ha, while the accumulation of the
root mass reached 140,3 centner per hectare at average
annual rates of accumulation of dry substance up to 24,5
centner per hectare. The processes of formation,
decomposition and death of roots in the beans and cereals
grass mixture agrophytocenosis take place almost in a
balance state. Wherein the biological factor, as the
inclusion of the Yakut yellow variety of the Alfalfa in the
grass stand, plays a positive role
The article contains data on results of calving and blood tests of heifers moved from the Astrakhan region in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar region in the condition of early pregnancy. According to the accompanying documents, cell blood count, hemoglobin and biochemical parameters were consistent with species and age normal. Calving took place without complications and did not require delivery; received 36 of 36 calves from cows. The quality of the calves found to be satisfactory. On the 45th day of service period, clinical signs of impaired health status were present in 2 animals, however biochemical markers of liver disease, inflammation, and anemia was identified in 7 heifers. In the context of work on creation of livestock combined milk and meat productivity of inseminated heifers and heifers of the Simmental breed the Simmental semen (25 cows) and Aberdeen Angus (34 cows) breeds. Fruitfully inseminated 55 out of 60 animals; indicator of severity of calving was 8 % for Simmental cows. Calves of Simmental breed and Simmental-Aberdeen Angus cross-breeds meet the requirements for live weight at birth and the exterior. Farming on the formation of herds of milk and meat direction of productivity are found to be effective
The article identifies the value of livestock in the economy of the Bryansk region; we have also given the spatial-temporal analysis state of the industry and identified the key trends in its development over the past 25 years. This work considers the geography of industries and production of major livestock products
The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades.
Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)
The ecological state of soil on the globe is unstable.
Intensification of agricultural production is
accompanied by negative trends in changes in soil
fertility. One of the most important indicators of soil
fertility is its structural state. With a long time
cultivation of grapes in one place, the physical
properties of the soil deteriorate. The purpose of our
research is to study the process of destruction of soil
structure during the cultivation of vineyards. The
object of research is the soils of plots of various
agricultural uses (vineyards, field crop rotation, forest
belts). The research methods used in the work are
route-field surveys, a laboratory study of the waterphysical
properties of the soil. The article presents the
data of the structural-aggregate composition of the soil
from plots of various agricultural uses. From the data
given, it can be seen that the soil occupied by the vine
plantations is characterized by a poor structure and low
structure of the arable horizon. The share of
agronomically valuable aggregates is 40.4%, the
structural coefficient is 0.68 units, while in the forest
belt this figure is 5.7 units. The increased mechanical
load on the soil during the cultivation of vineyards
leads to a deterioration in the physical properties of the
soil. Soil with low indicators of physical condition is
more susceptible to erosion processes, such as water
and wind erosion. Water erosion annually causes great
damage to agricultural lands throughout the world. The
article clearly demonstrates and scientifically
substantiated the negative effect of the system of soil
content of vineyards on the type of black steam. Also
proposed are ways to reduce the mechanical load on
the soil and prevent the development of degradation
processes in the soils of vineyards