The growth-regulating activity of naphthalenesulfonylamide and pyrazolopyridines derivatives was studied under laboratory and field tests on tomato plants. We have found substances with high growth-regulating effect. The vegetative mass of plants, the number of ovaries in the hand, the size of the fruit, the yield and the sugar content of the fruits increased under the influence of the growth regulators
In the review article we present a comparative analysis of frost resistance of varieties of winter barley and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the results of freezing in the refrigerating chambers and by the hygroscopicity of mature grain. On the example of a number of varieties of both cultures, it is shown that the higher the frost resistance of the variety, the smaller the volume of the supernatant can be obtained by extracting the press cake with a solution containing magnesium cations. It is assumed that increased hygroscopicity of winter barley and sunflower press cake is associated with a relatively high content of so - called "water-soluble starch" - β-glucan polysaccharides in its grain. The possibility of regulation of the degree of hygroscopicity under the influence of potassium (KNO3), zinc (ZnSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a number of sunflower varieties. It was shown that treatment with a solution of potassium (a concentration of 50 ppm KNO3) of sunflower plants at the stage of 4 leaves leads to a significant increase in hygroscopicity of grain and hardiness of plants, little effect was given treatment with zinc (30 ppm ZnSO4) and a lesser effect was observed when treating plants gibberellovaja acid (20 ppm). Potassium treatment significantly intensified the biosynthesis of free Proline, phenolic compounds and soluble proteins. When processing zinc significantly increased the content of carbohydrates in sunflower plants. Hygroscopicity showed a significant correlation with the content of free Proline (R2=0.621), phenolic compounds (R2=0.907), total carbohydrates (R2=0.673) and soluble proteins (R2=0.708). It is assumed that the treatment of plants with potassium and zinc plays a key role in increasing the hygroscopicity of grain. The results of comparative studies of frost resistance on the degree of survival of plants during freezing in cold rooms and the degree of hygroscopicity of mature grain showed that these two methods of assessing frost resistance give very close data. At the same time, in terms of simplicity and low economic costs, the proposed method of assessing frost resistance is many times superior to the method of direct freezing of plants
This article reviews the results of studies on the impact of the nutrition background and the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulator on the yield and quality of early ripe potato variety Marabell in southern Kyrgyzstan. Early potato yields were largely dependent on the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant. The highest yield was identified with the integrated use of a growth stimulator provided the planned yield, and averaged 29.97 t/ha. Also, in the experiments conducted, the yield of early potatoes was largely dependent on the climatic conditions of the year under study. The structure of the crop of early potatoes has been analyzed. In case of complex application of growth stimulator, also in case of treatment of seed tubers with growth stimulant, thickness of early potato plants is increased and on average in three years there was an increase by 0.32 and 0.52 thousand bushes per 1 ha.
The structure and marketability of the early potato harvest were analyzed in detail, depending on the background of nutrition and the method of application of the Bereke GN growth stimulator
Agro-technological operations, achieved in the specialized fruit tree nurseries are directed toward the optimization of the seedlings cultivation conditions. The agro-chemicals application is one of the most important technological questions in production system. The method of the complex use of physiologically active materials with the nourishing salts is directed, in the first place, toward the development of the healthy, actively functioning assimilation apparatus of the perennial plant, whose task – the balanced increase and the formation of reproductive organs already in the early stages of ontogenesis. In the article the results of work on introduction into the flow chart of the production of the apple tree landing material of bio stimulants and fertilizers of the directional effect are represented. Positive effect from the introduction into the diagram of nourishing salts of stamp N20P8K8+1,5Mg+9S in different combinations with the preparations: «lignogumat» of sodium, «lignogumat» of potassium, by ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, by the natural stimulator of an increase «Silk» it was reflected in the level of the plants security of with mineral elements, it contributed to an increase on 5,7-10,2 % the diameter of trunk; the height of seedlings exceeded index in the control on 4,9-6,2 %
The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus
This article discusses the results of a study to determine the impact of different primary tillage to sunflower yield. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage in the agrophysical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period in 0-100 cm soil layer does not depend on the method of processing. Surface treatment of the soil did not have negative effects on soil properties and its agrophysical structure in comparison with moldboard ploughing. . When dump processing improves the density of the soil, accumulates more moisture in the autumn winter period, reduces the weediness of sunflower perennial weeds. Productivity in contaminated areas increases by 3.3 - 5.4 c / ha. On weed-free crops, the yield increased by 2.5 - 3.5 c / ha, due to the improvement of the physical parameters of the soil
The work is devoted to studying the nature of the influence of individual abiotic factors of the southern territories of Russia on the features of the formation of an economic apple yield in adjacent years and the justification of the possibility of adjusting the course of this process in adverse environmental conditions. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019, which are distinguished by the manifestation of weather anomalies in the summer-autumn period. Field experiments were performed at the farms of the Kuban horticultural zone on soils suitable for planting fruit stands: leached and typical chernozems. The features of the development of plants of apple trees of winter varieties Kuban crimson and Fuji on the stock M9 were studied. In the experiments, an option is provided using foliar treatment of plants with Pomaset fertilizer. The effectiveness of the formation of the economic apple crop depends on the biological characteristics of the used pomological variety, as well as the temperature and moisture conditions during the growing season of the plants. Soil conditions do not significantly affect the course of this process. The probability of losing the potential apple crop at the XII stage of organogenesis (pre-harvest decay) under the influence of abiotic summer stressors: high air temperatures and water deficiency is noted. With the manifestation of extremely high air temperatures in late summer and during the autumn months, a significant increase in the duration of vegetation of various (especially strong-growing) apple varieties was recorded, causing a shift in the process of differentiation of generative buds (stages III-IV of organogenesis) to a later date, and, as a result, - decrease in potential plant productivity in the next season. With the manifestation of abnormal weather conditions, the prospects of foliar treatment of trees in the second half of the growing season with Pomaset fertilizer, which optimizes the fruiting of the apple tree in adjacent years, are shown. At the same time, the fruit yield in the current year is increasing by 9-14%, and in the next season - by 7-10% in comparison with the control values
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivation of sunflower on its agrophysical properties. The object of the research was sunflower, the Vulkan variety, the predecessor was winter wheat. The soil was superpowerful low-humus typical leached chernozem. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the department of general and irrigated agriculture of KubGAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Variants of experience (basic tillage): Option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chiseling 25-27 cm; option 3 (A2) - disc peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct seeding). On the basis of the conducted research, a general trend of agrophysical soil deterioration during the entire vegetation period of sunflower development and with a decrease in the intensity of the main tillage in the technology of its cultivation is revealed. So, the soil density was minimal, and the total porosity and soil moisture, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximal when carrying out land plowing at a depth of 25-27 cm to the main tillage. 25-27 cm) slightly worsened these figures. Conducting in the main tillage only surface disc peeling to a depth of 8-10 cm led to a further deterioration in these indicators. And in the last place there was the option where the soil was left without primary treatment under direct sowing of the crop (the variant of zero tillage). And just before harvesting sunflower (September), zero tillage provided the highest levels of soil moisture and reserves of productive moisture
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. The object of research was winter barley, sort Rubezh, the predecessor - winter wheat. Soil - heavy duty, low humus, typical leached chernozems. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture at KubSAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Scheme of experience (primary tillage): option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Based on the research, a general orientation is revealed in the technology of cultivating winter barley to reduce the agrophysical indicators of the soil throughout the growing season of the development of its plants while lowering the tension of its main processing. So, the density of the soil was minimal, and the structure and moisture of the soil, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximum on the option with dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. Conducting deep loosening at the same depth (chiseling by 20-22 cm) somewhat worsened these parameters . Implementation of disk peeling in the main tillage (by 8-10 cm) contributed to the deterioration of these parameters. The option of zero tillage was in last place according to these indicators. And only before harvesting, zero tillage contributed to the formation of higher soil moisture and productive moisture reserves
The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes