The article presents the studies that were conducted in 2011-2014 agricultural years in the experimental rotation hospital departments of Agriculture and Agricultural Chemistry, located in the Experimental Station of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The hospital is part of a geographical network experiments with fertilizers and registered in the register of long experience certificates of GeoNetwork VNIIA of the Russian Federation. We have presented an influence of systems of fertilizers and tillage practices on yield, indicators of the structure and quality characteristics of winter wheat of Zustrich varieties grown after pea predecessor in a stationary experience of Stavropol GAU. The influence of fertilization systems built on different principles on the productivity of winter wheat after pea predecessor in the area of unstable moistening was studied. The article has practical significance, since on the basis of the research we have found experimental evidences to recommend a cash-balance method for determining fertilization rates for the construction of the settlement system of fertilizers, to assure maximum efficiency and provide a level of skill programming yield 90-100%. We have also offered low-cost bio- fertilizers in crop rotation system, based on the efficient use of organic fertilizers, local application of minimal doses of mineral fertilizers
The article reveals issues concerning the experiments on application of complex water-soluble fertilizer and straw mulching of row-spacing in sweet corn hybrid named Krasnodarskiy 280 CV growing management and the yield of milky ripeness. We have discovered that straw mulching in combination with complex water-soluble fertilizer named Vermisol used in 5-6 leaves, reduced evaporation and tended to moisture accumulation in soil what increased yield of ears for 0,6-1,7 t/ha. The lowest water-absorbing capacity in root-inhabited layer of soil (0-0,6 m) were 28,5 % from dry weight of soil in years of experiment. Registration of sum of precipitations in critical for corn period (in third decade of June and first decade of July) was in tolerable level. The best conditions of precipitation were in 2013, when in June and July the sum was 143 mm, and humidity of the air was in optimum level – 70 %. The temperature of the soil in 0-0,1 m layer in the day of mulching was the same as in the layer 0-0,05 m, tin increase for 5 0C in variants without mulching. The lower amplitude of temperature of the soil in vegetation period since the phase of 10-11 leaves had good influence for yield of milk maturity ears
Based on the analysis of the nature of some
flowering test crosses which have been resulted in
the hybridization with purposely chosen sterile
sources (analyzers), the new self - pollinated lines
of maize have been identified according to the
content of fertility-restorer genes of ‘C’ type of
CMS. Genotype of the line RD 257 -
rf4rf4rf5rf5Ff6Rf6 (class II), genotype of the line RD
245 - rf4 rf4 Rf5 Rf5 rf6 rf6 (class III), genotype of
the line RD 274 - rf4rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class V),
genotype of the line RD 231 - Rf4Rf4rf5rf5Rf6Rf6
(class VI ) genotype of the line RD 261 -
Rf4Rf4Rf5Rf5Rf6Rf6 (class VII). The identification
of the content of the alleles of fertility - restorer
genes allows forecasting the nature of flowering
hybrid progeny resulted in the hybridization with a
known genotype. We have created a catalog of self
- pollinated lines of maize according to the fertilityrestorer
genes, which consists of 18 lines, which
have been studied in all the years of research. We
have identified the lines belonging to classes I, II,
III, V, VI, VII and VIII. During the transfer of
maize hybrids on a sterile basis the lines of classes I
and VIII are those ones which have been of great
interest. The self - pollinated lines KV 204, SP 286
(class I) are the reliable fixers of «C» type of CMS.
The progeny resulted in the hybridization with any
sterile lines is characterized by complete sterility.
The new self - pollinated lines KV 498, KV 272,
KV 227, SP 357, RD 261 (class VIII) are constant
natural fertility-restorers. They are able to fully
restore fertility in hybridization with any sterile
lines and in any growing conditions
The process of the presowing seed treatment with
alternating electromagnet field of the commercial
frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically
efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit
with ring pole pieces allows increasing the
germinating energy and power. The electromagnet
seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is
the perspective process of the presowing treatment
which does not make unhealthy influence on the
operating personnel. At the presowing treatment one
has to take into account three factors; they are the
arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the
time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this
article the authors recommend to promote the unit
consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole
pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a
magnetizing coil and an embedding of the nonmagnetic
material in the working chamber which
allows to increase the germinating energy of spring
barley by 10% and the germination by 6,5%. The
addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of
the spring barley treatment. We analyzed the
parameters of the working chamber of the
alternating electromagnetic field source of industrial
frequency of 50 Hz, we established the dependence
of the rate of treatment on the parameters and
modes of installation, which are confirmed by
laboratory tests. Long-term field studies revealed
that the field germination rate of the seeds of spring
barley treated with EMF IF, even under adverse
weather conditions, exceeds by more than 8% of the field germination rate of control samples
The purpose of the research is to assess the ability of reclamation plantations of walnut and black nut on the accumulation of heavy metals in their phytomass – leaves, shoots, and fruit. The studies were conducted in the Rostov region, the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions. In the samples of vegetative aboveground and soil (under the canopy nuts) we have defined qualitative content of total forms of heavy metals of Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr. This ability is the accumulation of heavy metals in leaves, shoots and fruit that fall from the atmosphere. Later, the bulk forms of these metals with the annual litter come to litter, and then – into the soil
The experiment studied the use of an herbal
component in feeding of young geese, consisting of
hay meal and alfalfa juices coagulate. The replacement
of 50 % of complete feed by the studied feeding stuff
reduced the protein content in the diet by 9.9-14.9 %
and increased the content of crude fiber 1.76-2.01
times. Gross weight gain in the experimental group
decreased by 3.9 %, with an increase in feed cost by
17.1 %. However, carcasses of geese in experimental
group increased absolute weight of muscles of the
breast and legs by 28.6%, and the relative – 5.6 %
(Ð ˃0.05). Using of herbal ingredients tended to
increase the yield of dressed carcass by 4.8 %, while
the share of internal fat and skin with subcutaneous fat
was decreased. There were no differences in the
chemical composition of poultry muscle tissue in the
groups. Using of herbal ingredients decreased the cost
of 1 kg of feed by 0.7 rubles, but the cost price of
weight gain increased by 5.0 %. It was concluded that
it is necessary to carry out additional studies involving
the feeding of poultry with the identical by nutritional
value compound feed with the additive under study or
without it
In recent years, due to the increasing aridity there was
an increase in the frequency of epiphytoties leaf disease
of barley. Therefore, we can see now how greatly
increased the need for the creation of resistant grades.
Introduction of the selection marker will significantly
speed up the breeding process for resistance to
pathogens. Employees of the All-Russian Institute of
Plant Protection recommended three genes - Rpt 1b,
Rpt 5, Rpt 6 to control the resistance to the pathogen
Pyrenophora teres for use in breeding programs in the
North Caucasus. Rpt 5 gene is one of the most efficient
one, because it determines the resistance to the eight
isolates of the fungus Pyrenophora teres of different
origin. In 2011, Australian scientists have discovered
microsatellite markers called Bmag0173 and HVM74,
closely linked to the gene Rpt5, which are used very
effectively in order to marker-assisted selection of
resistant grades in Australia and Canada. Due to the
urgency of creating new genotypes carrying resistance
genes to net blotch, that would be effective in the
Southern Federal Region, the staff of All-Russian
Scientific-research institute of Grain Crops after I.G.
Kalinenko and the All-Russian Research Institute of
Plant after N.I. Vavilov has developed a practical
strategy for the use of molecular techniques to create
barley grades resistant to this pathogen, which is being
successfully implemented
In the article, results of researches are presented, according to placing of root system of trees of Russian plum Globe on various cloned rootstocks in soil. It is revealed that the most powerfully branched out and deeply getting root system is formed on root of a plant, and also on stocks of Evrica 99 and Kuban 86
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape
yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if
cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of
grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For
each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to
pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and
optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for
each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform
optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit
along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting
of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting
for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering
buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order
to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of
inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the
analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering
fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the
growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of
grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic
inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for
next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds
were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). -
1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). -
1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). -
1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties
Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section
11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned
productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of
cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes
of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we
recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots
3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon
- 5-6 buds
In the article we have developed and studied feed additives in broiler diets based on natural montmorillonite varieties. Biological effect of Ekobentokorm additives due to their mineral composition and adsorption properties because of the big nano-pores and vitamin-mineral adsorption feed additive (WMACD), additionally, the effect has been included in its composition of biologically active substances. Effect of use of Ekobentokorm sorbent additives in feed for broilers and vitamin-mineral adsorption feed additives (WMACD) contributed to the increase of meat productivity, preservation of poultry, eating and feed conversion, the improving the carcasses