The article is devoted to the study of growth peculiarities of summer potato on floodplain lands of Southern Russia. High and stable yields in big farms are possible using substantiated planting time of potato which depends on specific soil – climatic conditions of the area as well as potato cultivation technology elements improvement under irrigation. The latter will provide in turn water and power resources economy. The results of field research to determine planting time allow defining the most favorable conditions for potato cultivation in the given soil-climatic zone. The analysis of data obtained on differential irrigation regimes gives a possibility to determine common regularities of irrigation standards impact on potato growth efficiency. The regime proposed is in conformity with the concept of ecological land reclamation and takes into account a moderate anthropogenic impact on landscape processes under a permissible level of summer potato productivity decrease. Therefore proposed optimal time of summer planting and rational irrigation regime will increase industrial efficiency of potato production and provide environmental safety of irrigation on floodplain lands of South Russia while allowing to economize water and power resources
Sorghum is cultivated in many countries of the world
on around 50 ml hectares. The main producers of
sorghum are India, Nigeria, Sudan and the USA.
Sorghum comes from equatorial Africa. India and
China are the secondary places of origin and formation.
The USA achieved great success in breeding, seedgrowing
and agro technologies of grain sorghum. In the
country sorghum occupies 14.4% of the world amount
of sowing areas; the gross yield is 40%. Sorghum
breeding on Don was started by E.S. Yakushevsky in
1938. In 1963 after a long break the work was restarted
at the Zernograd Breeding Station headed by Ya.I.
Issakov. At present the amount of sowing areas for
sorghum is constantly increasing in RF (220.3 thousand
ha in 2015). It occurs due to aridity of climate and more
frequent use of the crop as insurance. Besides, the
development of white kernel varieties gave an
opportunity to use sorghum for starch and spirit. There
are 221 varieties and hybrids of sorghum registered in
the State List. The main directions of breeding work
with grain sorghum are early maturity, suitability for
mechanical harvesting, productivity and grain quality.
The ARRIGC developed the white kernel early
maturing varieties ‘Velikan’, ‘Zernogradskoe 88’,
‘Ataman’ without necessity to be dried after harvesting,
with productivity of 8 t/ha. The main directions of breeding work with sweet sorghum are early maturity,
high intensity of initial growth, low height, resistance to
lodging, high productivity and quality of green chop.
The ARRIGC developed the varieties for fodder use
(‘Listvenit’), for spirit and treacle (‘Debyut’ and
‘Zernogradsky Yantar’). Sorghum due to origin and
varietal diversity even in dry and hot parts of the world
allow obtaining stable, high yields of grain and green
chop. This makes sorghum the leading grain-forage and
food crop
This article discusses the results of the study to determine the impact of different primary tillage and herbicide against weeds in winter wheat agrocenosis. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and surface treatment) factor A and herbicide (Lancelot) factor B on the agro-physical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period of winter wheat in 0-100 cm of soil layer didn’t depend on the method of tillage. Introduction of herbicide Lancelot boosted the moisture reserves in soil compared to the control type, in the herbicide-free type the weeds absorb the large amounts of moisture. Surface soil treatment did not have negative effects on soil agro-physical properties and its structure in comparison with moldboard plowing. Number of agronomically valuable aggregates on moldboard plowing is 85.2 - 87.5%, on surface one is - 86.2 87.5%. Density of composition and waterproof aggregates under surface treatment didn’t defer to tillage. Accumulation of wet and dry mass by weeds regardless to the way of soil tillage declined to a minimum when introducing the herbicide Lancelot. The high yield of winter wheat was obtained on this type. Mathematical processing results have shown that due to factor A (main soil tillage) to moldboard plowing the average productivity is 57.5 kg/ha, on surface one is 56.0 kg/ha, i.e. the difference between treatments is 1.5 t/ha (with NSR05 on factor - 2.9 t/ha) is insignificant. To factor B (herbicides) on control the productivity is 54.5 kg/ha, introduction of Lancelot increased the productivity to 59.5 t/ha, i.e. the increase was 5.5 kg/ha at NSR05-by the factor B-2.9 t/ha, i.e. is significant. Thus, the present soil treatments had no effect on yield of winter wheat in ordinary black soil. The use of herbicide Lancelot has produced the harvest increase in 0.5 t/ha on average for 2 years
The studies revealed that the application of spirits as a
strength agent of 91.0 - 96.6% in special wines
contained more vitamin-like substances than wine,
alcoholized with double-distilled water with 75%
alcohol concentration. The highest marks for tasting
wines were given to the options made with the use of
rectified grain origin alcohol as an agent of alcohol.
Application of double-distilled water wine leads to
accumulation of unnecessarily high undesirable
groups of compounds such as methanol and fusel oil,
thereby reducing the quality of the wine. Organoleptic
parameters were the best for selection of wines from
Anapa ZOSViV - Dionysus and Krasnostop EPA, as
well as - Cabernet Sauvignon. We can conclude that
for the production of high-quality red dessert wines
we need, along with the classic varieties, wider use of
new autochthonous varieties using alcohol agents of
rectified grain origin
The behavior, interior and milk yield of the mature Black-and-White cows with various productivity levels, as well as etology of the replacement heifers are researched. The superiority of the high milk yielding cows for the lying duration and eating feed and water is revealed. Reduced variability of vital behavioral actions of animals is found. In addition, high yielding cows has been lower variability in all feeding acts. It was noted that high yielding animals exceeded equal age cows by the level of most interior factors. The differences were significant on the content of hemoglobin, vitamin E, and especially on the content of iron. Positive correlations between some interior design indicators is found. The analysis of lifetime productivity during our research found that high milk yielding cows had highest yields on the first lactation and kept the same level in the next lactations with insignificant variations. The lower productivity animals reached maximal yields on the third lactation with the followed downward trend. Differences between groups in lifetime productivity during research amounted to 16 992 kg. The significant superiority of the heifers with high grown intensity above equal age animals for the duration of feed and water eating, physiological functions and lying. The analysis of variation coefficient is confirmed the observed regularities.
Milk productivity of cows is largely dependent on the efficiency of their own genetic potential. For the successful solution of this question it this essential the creation of proper technological conditions for high live stock process of ontogeny beginning from the neonatal period. One of the significant factors that influence the growth, development and safety of young grows in early of young grows in early postembryonic period are zoo-hygienic conditions of calves. Currently the "cold" method of keeping calves in individual houses is developed and widely used. It promotes the increase in the intensity of growth by 8,1%, prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract improving hygienic conditions and rising of profitability of their growing by 4,2%. It is now that calves kept individual houses in the face of increasing wind and decreasing temperatures as well as high humidity of air environment in winter, feel discomfort, move less, stay lying on the litter in the house. For the purpose of warming the animals in cold frosty days keeping outside in the houses, increasing their viability, growth intensity and the guarantee of prevention gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary system diseases development the staff of the Department of private zoo techniques (animal genetics) and pig-keeping from Kuban State Agrarian University have developed Popona - blanket-clothes for calves, which will allow to redirect received from feed energy to a calf growth. It will happen by reducing energy consumption for heating the body and prevent the development of colds due to the formation and preservation of the heat in the body in the absence of wet wool on with the external precipitation
The article highlights the questions of preliminary determination of the yield of vineyards, grape harvest prediction method to determine the optimal length of fruit cutting of shoots and load bushes wintering eyes, kidneys examined productivity index wintering buds (CP), which shows how many inflorescences have an average for each left eye escape when cutting to length, including the dead. It was found that the yield of grapes has a great influence the degree of differentiation of inflorescence of rudiments in the central buds overwintering buds. From the moment of laying the harvest of grapes in hibernating little eyes in the form of embryonic inflorescences until commercial harvest takes two growing seasons. During this period the generative organs of grape plants are affected by many factors of the environment. Heterogeneity was found of buds along the length of one-year matured shoots. It is expressed in the fact that many grape varieties fruitfulness buds at the base of the shoot are much lower compared with upstream eyes. A certain death of wintering buds (primarily, the main kidney) at the end of the growing season, before the autumn frosts. The main reason for the death of buds during the growing season - from defeat fungal diseases. Taking into account the percentage of deaths of buds proposed a new exponent forming embryonic kidney main inflorescence - productivity index of buds by the ratio of embryonic stems to the number of buds, including the dead. Thus, annual forecasting of grape harvest next year to cutting the bushes by the proposed method makes it possible to scientifically establish the optimal cut length of shoots and fruit load on the bush eyes. This helps to realize directly the potential of each variety and vineyard site and get maximum yields even in years with low fruit tab formations
The obtaining of high-quality meat is impossible
without providing of full value feeding of agricultural
animals in the combination with the maintenance of
conditions of their feeding. In farms of the Krasnodar
region the seeding of forages with molds varies from
103 to 107 КОЕ in 1 gm of forage. There was
conducted the study of influence of feeding of
animals with mold mixed fodders on the seeding with
microscopic fungus of tissues of inner organs. There
was carried out the slaughter with the aim of study of
meat quality, immune hematological large part of
intestines. There were selected the samples of meat
and inner organs on the seeding with microscopic
fungus. There was determined that in tissues of inner
organs of animals which during 4 months were on the
ration including the mixed fodder with general
seeding with mold fungus 105 -106 КОЕ in 1 gm of
forage, there were found the spores of molds. Also
there was determined the intensity of animals’ growth
of first and second groups reliably did not vary
(p>0,5). There were worked out the ways of
improvement of sanitary condition of fodders by the
means of introduction of the salts of microelements
into rations such as bluestone and ferrous sulfate with
the addition of probiotics KM3(cultured milk
fermentation including Streptococcus lactis,
Lactobacillus acidofilum) influencing the growth of
pigs, the condition of their health and the quality of
meat raw at the using of fodders dirty with
micromycets. The consumption of fodders attacking
with microscopic fungus with the addition KM3
showed that the lacto- and bifidus bacteria KM3
suppressed the development the pathogenic
microflora of gastrointestinal tract of pigs. There were determined the optimal doses of the
introduction of detoxicants in fodders affected with
molds of storage. The positive effect in average
amounted 8%
One of the methods of increasing the productivity of alfalfa is the use of growth regulators, and the use of polymeric compositions of growth regulators, binders with synthesized growth regulators of sim-triazine series is promising with the possibility of creating environmentally friendly technologies for growing alfalfa. Studies have shown that the application of the test on alfalfa growth regulators has a positive effect on growth, physiological and morphogenetic processes, plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Intensity impact on plant growth regulators depends on the type of plant growth regulators, concentration and method of application. Processing alfalfa seed growth regulators on germination increases energy 3,0-14,0 % germination on 8,0-17,0 %. Processing plant growth regulators to enhance the growth of plants in height (on the 7th day – 2,6-11,9 % , on the 14th 41,9-48,0 %) , the growth of aboveground biomass , expands on the number of productive branches of the 1st ( 24,1-41,3 %) and 2nd order (21,7-55,0 %). Pre-sowing seed treatment and plant growth regulators alfalfa sim- triazine series contributed to the increase in seed yield of 15,5 %. On average, the yield of green mass increased by 0,8-2,4 t /ha or 5,2-15,5 % and seed yield at 0,19-0,42 h/ha or 8,7-19, 3 %. Growth regulators of sim-triazine series increase the protein content of the vegetative mass of alfalfa at 3,2-4,6 %
On the example of middle-aged and mature
valuable forest stands we have brought an
assessment of forestry and economic efficiency
of various options of silvicultural actions for the
reconstruction of invaluable young growths (17
objects with a total area of 102,6 hectares) which
was carried out in 1947-1959 and to formation of
plantings from subgrowth and young growth of
the coniferous breeds kept when carrying out
gradual and continuous cabins in 1962-1996 and
also from forest cultures (8 objects of 44,9
hectares) for conditions of the coniferous and
broad-leaved woods of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The results of the researches showed that the best
indicators of forestry and economic efficiency of
actions of care of the woods by reconstruction are
observed in pine plantings at a continuous way:
the grown-up wood reserves on a root (346-522
m3/hectare in 55 years) exceed stocks of modal
forest stands on 109-288 m3/hectare with
economic efficiency within 10625-50659
rub/hectare. Slightly less efficient - larch and
spruce plantings at a corridor way of
reconstruction. Similar indicators of actions for
formation of plantings from subgrowth represent
positive results as well: forestry efficiency made
from 31 to 208 m3/hectare, economic - within
10584-26846 rub/hectare. Based on the
researches we made conclusions, offers and
recommendations for practical use in forestry of
the Republic of Tatarstan