The article presents a study of acclimatization characteristics and the effectiveness in the use of Holstein black-and-white cattle imported from Germany, Denmark and the USA under the conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Area of Russia. The analysis shows that the imported animals are exposed to a number of stress factors that often cause the diseases and serious losses of cattle. The main reasons for the losses of heifers were the pathologies of the reproductive organs and the mammary gland (26,3%), locomotor system and distal extremities (15%), respiratory organs (21,2%), etc. The highest-producing dairy cows were those imported from the USA (9158 kg of milk throughout the first lactation). For the yield of milk, they are superior to animals imported from Germany in 1828 kg (P≥0,999) and those imported from Denmark in 1184 kg (P≥0,999). The average American Holsteins’ milk over a 305-day lactation is higher in fat (4,14%) than that of their German (in 0,28%) and Danish (in 0,21%) counterparts (P≥0,999). The same tendency is observed in the protein content in the milk
Ragweed plant became quarantine malware on the
territory of Southern Russia. In the Krasnodar region it
has been extended to the territory of more than 4.62
million hectares. In the areas of its growth, it causes
great damage to agriculture. By developing a strong
root system and aboveground, it inhibits the row crops,
especially sunflower. Another problem with this weed
is producing large amounts of pollen that causes
allergic reactions in the majority of residents of the
province. This article discusses the importance of
using modern methods of ragweed oppression,
including chemical and biological methods in
sunflower crops
One of the most destabilizing factors of crop production is weed infestation of crops. Despite annual herbicide treatment, weed infestation of crops of winter wheat remains high, with a predominance of annual dicotyledonous weed with a higher proportion of drug resistant on the basis of 2,4-D. We also notice increased range and density of perennial dicotyledonous weeds. New combinational herbicide called Cayenne, manufactured by LLC "Agro Expert group", which in its composition contains two active substances: thifensulfuron-methyl (500 g/l) and florasulam (170 g/l), highly inhibits both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds. According to the working program of the registrant's company we have tested Cayenne on crops of winter wheat in spring in the tillering phase and the formation of the second internode. It is shown that its use in doses of 0.025 and 0.035 kg/ha in mixture with 200 ml/ha of surfactant-Bit 90, W provides effective suppression of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds (90 – 100 %). The negative effect on the culture was not observed. At the same time, within 2-3 days after herbicide application we observed cessation of growth, chlorosis, dieback of growing points of weeds. Complete death was observed after 15 – 20 days
The most important component of current assets of the
agricultural organizations are material stocks. The optimum
quantity of them is necessary for production process.
The special aspects of formation and using of material
stocks in crop research on micro- and meso-levels
are considered in the article. It is established that the
stok of fertilizers, crop-protection agents, seeds and
planting material are exposed to considerable amplitudes
of fluctuations during the different periods of year. The
natural and biological cycle of development of plants
needs of concentration of material stocks at the beginning
of a production cycle that causes the necessity of
attraction of the credits and commercial loans. The author
studied material inputs structure in branch of crop
research in Krasnodar region and its change in dynamics.
The leading role of mineral fertilizers in formation
of cumulative material inputs is revealed and the level of
its production in the region is analysed. The researching
character of the article is confirmed by the calculations
and the analysis of legislative documents regarding recovery
and increasing of soil fertility in Kuban region.
The author emphasizes need of strengthening of the state
intervention in price control in the market of mineral
fertilizers, formations of sales system, aimed at minimization
of dealers number in a chain "production – processing
– consumption"
The article presents the results of the qualitative
assessment of meat of crossbred rams. The analysis of
the data shows that crossbred rams of 2, 3 and 4
groups increased the absolute mass of muscle tissue
compared with purebred 12.3; of 18.2 and 25.6%,
respectively. Fine-wooled rams were superior in the
relative content of bone in carcasses of crossbred 1.1-
4.2 percent. Output of pulp for 1 kg of bones had the
advantage of crossbred rams 2, 3 and 4 groups
compared with purebred 0.12; 0.24 percent and 0.44
kg respectively. The analysis of the data shows that in
carcasses of young animals of all the groups the
greatest specific weight took cuts of the 1st sort.
Nevertheless, the valuable parts to carcass weight
balance was higher in the carcasses of the crossbred
calves. So, rams 2, 3 and 4 groups, this advantage was
1.9; 4.5 and 4.7%, respectively. Thus, the analysis of a
complex of indicators characterizing the quality of
meat rams of different genotypes revealed that the
superiority for the studied indices took place for two -
and three-bred animals. These options of both simple
and complex industrial crossing are promising and can
be implemented and used in the farms of Merino and
crossbred sheep
The article reviews four variants of laying nurseries of
primary branches of seed production of long-grained
rice varieties of the Kuban breeding taking into
account their biological features, plots area ranges
from 0,7 m2
to 1,1 m2
, seeding rate for one family –
from 100 pcs./m 2 to 170 pcs./m2 . We have studied
traits of long-grained rice varieties of the Kuban
breeding - Ivushka, Avstral, Kurazh, affecting the
yield and quality of seeds: yield, multiplication factor
and fractional composition of seeds depending on
laying multiplication nursery of first year progeny.
The differences between varieties by the type of
tillering, vigor, germination of seeds depending on
planting system are shown. Optimal way for laying
seed nurseries is found: for long-grained varieties with
medium tillering (Kurazh type) – row length – 3,3 m
and seeding rate – 120 caryopses/m2
; for those with
intensive tillering (Ivushka type) – row length – 3,8 m
and seeding rate - 120 caryopses/m2
. This will allow
using mechanical method of sowing using selective
cassette seeding-machine in the primary seed
production, reducing cost of seed production and
increasing efficiency of labor, increasing volume of
seed production of long-grained rice varieties in short
terms and accelerating their implementation in the
Kuban region for import substitution
The need of improving the grain drying technology is
due to a significant volume of this operation, high
specific energy and high standards to preserve quality
of grain. In this regard, the development of new
technologies and equipment aimed at reducing the cost
of fuel and electricity, providing the preservation of
grain quality has essential meaning to reduce the
drying cost. Usually, the electrophysical effects on the
dehydrated material not only contribute to the
thickness reduction or destruction of the boundary
layers and increase the surface of phase contact, i.e.
they cause the combined effects of the intensification
of the drying process that is economically favorable
and they say for a broader practical use of
electrotechnologies. Method of grain drying using
microwave recycling in installations of active aeration
bunker type allows increasing productivity compared
with standard technology for up to 30% and reducing
process energy consumption by 17%
This article presents the results of using "Gorlinka"
mustard protein-containing feed concentrate, instead
of sunflower meal in the feeding of broiler chickens
of the cross of "Cobb-500". The studies were
conducted in the conditions of Krasnodonskaya
Poultry farm of the Ilovlinskiy district of the
Volgograd region. Replacing sunflower meal with a
product of processing of oilseeds which is "Gorlinka"
mustard protein-containing concentrate, in the feed
mixture in the experimental broilers had a positive
impact on the productivity, physiological state of the
birds, product quality and economic performance.
The use of this mustard protein-containing feed
concentrate in feeding of meat birds contributes to the increase of live weight by 3.46-of 6.65% and
slaughter yield by 1.38-1.98% and improvement of
quality indicators of the carcasses. Morphological and
biochemical parameters in experimental broiler
chickens in all the groups were within the
physiological norm, which indicates a normally
occurring redox processes in the poultry organism.
However, adding "Gorlinka" mustard proteincontaining
feed concentrate into experimental feed for
broiler chickens contributed to the increase in the
content of total protein, calcium, phosphorus in blood
serum in comparison with analogues from the control
group that received sunflower cake. As a result of the
research, the economic effect in the experimental
groups was up 710,40-1085,53 rubles
The proposed agro technology for the cultivation of
soft winter wheat contributes to the reproduction of
fertility of leached Chernozem of the Western
Ciscaucasia. As a result of application of fertilizers in
the arable layer of soil hydrolytic acidity decreased by
21.8%, humus content increased by 10.3%, mobile
phosphorus - by 54.8%, mineral nitrogen by 10.3%
and potassium - by 9.6% compared to the control.
Studied agricultural technology allowed to increase the
yield of winter wheat to 81.8 kg/ha and protein to 15.3
per cent, of gluten, to 27.8%. We have noticed
exceeded concentration of mobile phosphorus in the
upper soil horizon (1.5 MРС) in the cultivation of
wheat after alfalfa, which contributed to reduced grain
yield. Under conditions of prolonged application of
fertilizers and pesticides reduced the content of mobile
forms of trace elements - copper and zinc. The content
of mobile forms of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd
below the limit values of environmental and
Toxicological regulations clayey and loamy soils for
agricultural purposes. The trend of accumulation of
cadmium in the green mass of plants (~ 1.2 MPC) and
winter wheat grain up to 1.5 MPC for baby food
Experimental studies were carried out on the breeding
farms of "Russian pork" in Millerovo district of the
Rostov region on purebred and crossbred animals
derived from crosses of pigs and the Don steppe types
of meat, breeds of Landrace and Pietrain. The Don
type of meat was used in the experiments as a control.
When crossing, the DM-1 pigs were used as the parent
form, and CT as a father to give twin breed hybrids
DM-1 x ST. The recent delivery of boars of Landrace
and Pietrain breeds allowed to receive twin breed
hybrids of genotypes of CT × L and DM-1 × P