The researchers of the institute are studying adaptive power of 17 varieties and 6 lines of winter wheat sown after peas using various methods of assessment of their adaptive properties. During the years of study (2012-2014) we found out that environmental conditions which account for 78% have the greatest effect on the trait ‘grain productivity’ in the formation of the yield. The share of genes accounts for 9,7%, the specific correlation ‘geno type x environment’ accounts for 10% which allow calculating adaptive properties. It has been defined that productivity of winter soft wheat changed a lot due to growing conditions and characteristics of varieties. The productivity ranged from 38,7 c/ha (‘Garant’ in 2014) to 76,5 c/ha 9’Lilit’ in 2013). The study found out that the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Asket’ and ‘Lilit’ possess the highest response to cultivation with bi=1,15; bi=1,18 and bi=1,25 respectively. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, the lines ‘430/07’, ‘260/09’ and 771/09’ possess a high adaptive ability and productivity with 111%, 105%, 108%, 105% and 106% respectively. The study of adaptive properties of winter soft wheat varieties gives an opportunity to distinguish adaptive, stress tolerant varieties with plasticity according to the primary structural elements which form productivity. The varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Lidiya’ are characterized with high response to cultivation in different environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Kapitan’ belong to adaptive cultivars. The varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘234/07’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘grain productivity’; the varieties ‘Kapitan’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Lilit’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘number of seeds per a ear’; the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and the line ‘771/09’ are stress tolerant according to the trait ‘weight of seeds per a ear’
Tobacco collection of All-Russian research institute of tobacco, makhorka and tobacco products is unique and only in the world because of its quantity and composition. It has 4500 foreign and national sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety from 70 countries around the world. According to sort breeding aims, compliant with agricultural demands for 20 year period (1994-2014), 15 000 sorts of tobacco, Nicotiana Rustica and wild species of Nicotiana variety were analyzed. 820 donor sorts with valuable properties were defined and the best of them were involved in breeding process. During national selection history on the base of institute’s world tobacco collection over 180 sorts and hybrids of tobacco were created by our breeders. In recent years the interest from farmers and other small plant growers in tobacco production is constantly raising. As some of them are from northern non-traditional for Russia tobacco growing regions there is necessity for more intense utilization of the world collection’s genetic resources
The results of experiments on defining the optimum seeding rate of different varieties of winter triticale are reviewed in this article. The influence seeding rate on yield and grain quality of winter triticale has been investigated
During the study of different methods of fractiona-tion of alfalfa juice it was established that the most effective preservative of Lucerne juice is a composi-tion containing 2% of stock culture of lactic acid bacteria, 2% of molasses and 0.3% of benzoic acid, which preserves the functional properties of protein-vitamin feed additive
The article presents the results of studies on the use of different amounts by weight of triticale grain in feeding of young geese raised for meat. In the first group the wheat grain was 50% replaced by triticale grain, and in the second group the wheat was completely replaced by triticale grain. As a result of the experiment it has been found that the replacement of wheat by triticale in complete feed for geese provides a high growth rate but at 50 % inclusion of triticale grain the live weight at the end of the experience was110.8 g or 3% higher, as compared with the second group. It should be noted that up to 49 days old geese receiving compound feed with the 100 % replacement by triticale grain had a higher body weight. Complete replacement by triticale grain favoured the increase of carcass yield by 2.2% and decrease of body fat by 68.7 g as compared with the first group. Muscle tissue of the goslings fed the complete feed with complete replacement for triticale grain was characterized by 1% lower caloriс content than the goslings of the second group. According to biochemical composition of blood, all designed rations ensured normal metabolism in the fattened geese. The inclusion of triticale grain into the complete feed for young geese reduced their costs in the second group by 2.9%. But as a result the higher profit by 18.75 % was in the first group, which contributed to increased profitability by 2.4%. It is recommended to use up to 50% of triticale grain instead of wheat as part of complete feed for young fattening meat geese
The article presents the author’s insight into the theoretical foundations of plant breeding for self-pollinators and cross-pollinators. From the author’s point of view, plant breeding techniques depend on a type of pollination, population propagation and isolation from other variety pollen. Adaptive properties of crops are described as ones depending on a genetic type (genetically pure lines, populations, hybrids, pure varieties and clones). The key role of seeds in preserving a plant variety, or a cultivar, is emphasized. In the article, cultivar and yield qualities of seeds are characterized. The reasons for seed deterioration and yield decrease have been looked into. Improvement of main crops such as wheat, barley, rye, rice, soybeans, maize, triticale, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets is characterized in detail. The author shares the traditional point of view on the seed breeding program. It includes following steps: development phase (breeder’s seed), maintenance phase (in which a quantity of seed is maintained under high standards) and the distribution phase (production of commercial seed for distribution to the public). The difference between primary and secondary seed selection is explained. The best periods for crop rotation and crop renovation are also described. The legally enforceable standards of quality and genetic purity for different crops are presented in the article. It is pointed out that it is vital to maintain high cultivar qualities after multiplication and distribution of the new variety. Only large-scale pedigree system for seed production promotes it
The article reviews the results of the study of the
influence of lignohumates of the grade "A" («LG-
АМ», «LG-А super BIO», «LG-А super L») on the
grape vines treatment of the Saperavi variety on the
quality must and wine in the Anapо- Taman zone of
the Krasnodar region. The technology of the
cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot
corresponded to the adopted in the JSC "Victory" of
Temryuk District, and was accepted for keeping of
fruit-bearing plantations area of non-covered
viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at
the optimum time and were of high quality type. Vines
of the third year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0
x 1,5 m. The forming was a one-sided Guyot with a
height of 60 cm in trunk. There was formed the same
load by shoots and clusters on the shoots. The
treatment of leaf surface bushes with the solutions of
lignohumates were conducted twice: 1st - before
flowering and 2 nd at the beginning of the formation of
berries (20 days after the first one). The spraying was
carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting
for the grape harvest and sampling to determine the
quality of must and wine (10 kg each variant) was
conducted in September 20, 2012. Technological and
physical-chemical analyzes were carried out in the
shop micro winemaking and accredited testing
laboratory of grape processing of the SSI NCZSRIHV
of RAAS. Preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super
Bio" and "LG-B Super A" as grape plant growth
regulators have equal and stable effect
The article shows the results of years of research, which showed that the intermediate culture - is an important factor in the impact of increasing the fertility of meadow black soils, meadow (rice) soils perform environmental, agronomical and soil protection roles,
as well as they are involved in the biological cycle of nutrients
In the article there were presented the results of researches on study of influence of Moldova grape cutting treatment with Norwegian stimulator of root formation named Rudix Plus on their shoot- and root-forming ability. There were used two-,three-, four- and five-eye cuttings in the experiments
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and
forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area
of about 60 million hectares. A major region of
barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the
Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the
main factors determining the demand for crop. To
use the varieties effectively we must have a
complex of economically valuable traits such as
hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest
resistance. These traits make it possible to generate
the harvest high and stable from year to year. The
article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley
varieties, created in the south of Russia from
ancient times to the present day. The main
achievements of the leading Russian breeding
facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set
out in chronological order. The article describes the
methods and principles of selection (from
individual selection to mutagenesis and complex
selective breeding) used to breeding the new
varieties of winter barley. The most attention is
given to the outstanding varieties included to the
mating program today