The article discusses the influence of conventional technology and the technology of direct seeding at different doses of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation on the leached black soil of the Central Caucasus. It is established that the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage its vegetative mass, leaf area and the efficiency of the assimilation apparatus is significantly less than for sowing the traditional tillage technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region. It is caused by excessive seal of leached black soil, which was used in the study. Such a density of addition of black soils adversely affects the growth, development and yield of crops. As a result, the yield of winter wheat on the technology of direct seeding without fertilizers was 2.46 t / ha, which was significantly lower than for conventional technology, which received 3.21 t / ha. Adding fertilizers increased crop yield for both technologies, but it was significantly higher on the traditional technology. Despite the decline in production costs for the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage, higher profits and profitability were obtained using traditional technology
Grapes are product of areas. Grape plant is very plastic
and can grow on almost all types of soils except highly
saline, fusion and wetlands. In studies of many
authors, it was indicated the influence of different soil
types and their properties on the growth of the vine
plants, the quality of berries and their products. The
object of study is soils and vines growing on them,
laws and processes affecting the formation of grape
production. Research methods are expeditions, field
and laboratory. The article presents data on the effect
of agrochemical soil properties (pH, solid residue, the
amount of aqueous extract ions, chlorine ions,
alkalinity (НSO3¯), calcium ion, magnesium ion, total
carbonate, active carbonates, nitrate nitrogen, mobile
phosphorus, exchangeable potassium , humus, humus
reserves) on the formation of the harvest of grapes and
wine products (tasting score, the extract, the amount of
phenolic compounds, the amount of organic acids, the
amount of amino acids, metal ions, potassium ions,
sodium metal, magnesium ions, calcium ions, the
amount of metal ions). With the help of statistical data,
we can establish the effect of weather conditions on the formation of 2009-2011 qualitative wines of
Cabernet Sauvignon
Studies were conducted on pure-bred pigs CT and
DM-1. Determine the productivity of meat quality,
thickness and quality of the bacon, the physicochemical
quality of meat, histostructure longissimus
dorsi experienced pigs fattened using dietary
supplements
The organization of animal feeding in the summer and
procurement of fodder for the winter are of great importance.
The sowings of sugar sorghum can become a
reliable and stable source of fodder even in the regions
with insufficient humidity. It is a unique drought tolerant
crop, which can be used as green mass, hay, silage,
grain, mono fodder, briquettes. The article gives the
study results of green mass and absolutely dry substance,
and the assessment of cultivation efficiency of such sugar
sorghum varieties and hybrids grown in FSBSI ‘I.G.
Kalinenko ARRIGC’ as ‘Zernogradsky yantar’, ‘Debyut’,
‘Listvenit’, ‘Zersil F1’, ‘Elisey F1’. The productivity
of green mass and dry substance of the new variety
‘Listvenit’ and the hybrid ‘Elisey’ exceeded the standard
variety on 7,0-5,0 t/ha and 2,30-0,74 t/ha respectively.
The cultivation technologies of sweet sorghum varieties
and hybrids produced the high net energy of 69,6-121,9
GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency of 3,72-
5,08. As for the energy, the cultivation technology of the
sweet sorghum hybrid ‘Elisey’ can be considered as the
most efficient variant, as it produced the maximum net
energy of 121,9 GJ/ha with the coefficient of energy efficiency
of 5,08
This article presents the possibilities of using organic fertilizers, which allow you to recharge grape raw material with biologically active substances and improve the nutritional value of wine production. The influence of organic fertilizers on activation of process for detoxification of soil toxic compounds has been measured, ensuring food safety of raw materials for the production of grape wine products by reducing of hazardous chemicals. The use of biotechnology preserves and also enhances the uniqueness and diversity of the chemical composition of the grape raw material. We have established that after the four-year application of biotechnology the content of toxic compounds in grape raw material was reduced by 7%, and the concentration of biologically active substances increased in 1,5-2% times in comparison with the production of commercial plantations
The article considers the results of the evaluation of
the photosynthetic activity of peach trees in intensive
plantations on clonal rootstock VVA-1 in the
formation of improved cupped spindle-shaped
crown. It is established that in the formation of
spindle-shaped crown all the parts of it have just the
right lighting, the leaves contain more chlorophyll,
they are more specific and have real productivity
Nitrogen supply of soils is an important factor in the successful cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, in the Central Black Earth region there are planted orchards with high density of trees, with installed systems of drip irrigation and fertigation. Such orchards are relatively new, particularly in this region. Fertigation ambiguous effects on soil structure and its content of nutrients, especially hydrolysable nitrogen. Therefore, the study of the distribution of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil under the influence of fertigation and drip irrigation is important. The aim of our research was to investigate the distribution hydrolysable nitrogen in the root soil layers 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 cm. Investigations were carried out according to conventional methods. In these layers of the soil, we have determined the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and yield. As a result, we have found that in variants with fertigation were the highest yield. In addition, with fertigation it was noted higher content of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil as compared with the control without irrigation, especially in the deep layers 21-40; 41-60 and 61-80 cm. It was also noted increase of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil along the periphery of the wetting
The article contains results of the study of biochemistry of some perspective table grape varieties: Aniuta, Vodograi, Nizina and Jubilee Novocherkasska, yield in 2013 from the Central zone of Krasnodar region. At the time of redy yield the combination of sweetness and acidity of fruits were favorable. The ratio of fructose to glucose was 1.69; 1.36; 2.00; 1.13, respectively, in grapes Aniuta, Vodograi, Nisina, Jubilee Novocherkasska. According to the percentage of fructose in fruit juice varieties Aniuta, Vodograi and Jubilee Novocherkasska close to each other (50.93; 56.14; 51.23%). According to the percentage of glucose similar varieties Aniuta and Nizina (33 - 34.27%), Vodograi and Jubilee Novocherkasska (41.16 - 45.22%). Sort Jubilee Novocherkasska, had content in berries close fructose and glucose. Most of fructose (66.02%) in berries variety Nizina. In berries studied cultivars organic acid content was: wine 3128 - 3861, malic 982 - 3753, citric 109 - 317, amber 3 - 115 mg / dm3. The highest concentrations of potassium and sodium cations are presented in berries varieties Aniuta: potassium - 1219 sodium - 35.13 mg / dm3 and cations magnesium and calcium in berries Jubilee Novocherkasska 46.75 and 73.64 mg / dm3. The lowest concentration of potassium and sodium cations observed in grape Vodograi, magnesium - from grape Aniuta, calcium - at grape Nizina. We studied grape bunches are large, not dense, beautiful, berries are large, harmonious taste. Tasting score fresh grapes varieties Aniuta, Vodograi, Nizina, Jubilee Novocherkasska 7.6; 7.4; 7.8; 7.8 points respectively
Modern pig farming is a leading global livestock
industry, but the organization of adequate balanced
feeding is actual for the industry. Digestibility of
metabolizable energy of feed depends on various
factors, including the content of non-starch
polysaccharides, which have a negative effect on the
digestibility of key nutrients of the feed, lead to a
decrease in growth rate and conversion efficiency of
nutrients. Enzyme preparations which composition
generally includes Xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase
activities, may avoid the negative impact of non-starch
polysaccharides. Today's promising preparation that
combines the functions of two feed additives - feed
enzyme and probiotic, is an enzyme preparation
Cellobacterin that, due to the particular organization of
the enzyme complex, increases the digestibility of
barley grain and effectively effects on sunflower meal.
As a probiotic preparation it inhibits the development
of pathogenic microorganisms and promotes the
formation of beneficial microflora in the digestive
tract. The introduction of Cellobacterin enzyme
preparation into the compound feed with a high
content of barley grain and sunflower meal increases
the body weight of young pigs by 4.8% and reduces
the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain. The
results of hematological studies found no significant
deviations from the physiological norm in the
morphological picture of the blood in experimental
animals. The group, where Cellobacterin was added,
showed higher vitamin A content by 2.8% as
compared to the control, while vitamin E is found in
both groups on the same level. Based on the results of
the research to improve the productivity and growth
rate in compound feed based on barley and sunflower
meal with higher fiber content, it is recommended to
include in the compound feed Cellobacterin enzyme
preparation at the rate of 1 kg per 1 ton of feed
The key stage of clonal micropropagation, the micropropagation sensu stricto, affords to increase the propagation index for plants, especially perennials. In this study, we consider ways to optimize clonal micropropagation of remontant raspberry cultivars. It is found that microsprout regeneration rate is 78,5–96,0 % on the multiplication s. str. stage. The most multipurpose nutrient medium is selected with containing 0,5 mg/l both of BAP and GK. When one uses this medium, regeneration rate runs 79,0–94,0% depending on genotype with sprout high running 24,8–32,7 mm and sprout number – 1,2–2,2 per node. The optimal duration of growing cycle is 30 days with the propagation index within 6,6–7,8, depending of genotype