Winter wheat is very demanding on the nutrient regime of the soil. Like many winter crops, it consumes the nutrients unevenly distributed during the vegetation period, which must be considered when making them. Modern varieties of winter wheat are very demanding to soil fertility. For the formation of 4,0-4,5 t/ha requires about 140 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg phosphorus and 120 kg potassium. Therefore, without the use of fertilizers, it is not possible to obtain such a crop with high grain quality. In addition, in the cultivation of winter wheat in the high and intensive technologies simply need using large amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the removal of nutrients. This is especially important when having partial or complete reduction of application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, we consider the possibility and the results of studies using different doses, combinations and types of fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of southern zone of Rostov region, on experimental fields of the federal state scientific institution «ASС «Donskoy». For research, we have chosen the most common varieties of winter wheat (Tanais, Granite, Axinite, Terra, Donskoy prostor, Motto) and various combinations and combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiments were conducted on two predecessors: couples and peas. As the controllable parameters we had the productivity and quality of winter wheat. We have found a positive impact of the in-change of fertilizer on the studied parameters with a share of the variance of 96% and a high degree of correlation of 0,98. The marked increase in the productivity of winter wheat is up to 22% when using different versions of the experiment. We have identified rational combination doses of mineral and organic nutrition for predecessors: peas N40P60K40+2N30 and vapor – manure 40t/ha+2Р60+2N30
The article presents brief results of the introduction of
Hibiscus syriacus L. varieties for a signs collection in
the south of Russia. Since 2007, Federal State
Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian
Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and
Viticulture (Krasnodar) has been working on the
introduction and researching of Hibiscus Syriacus
varieties and signs collection is being formed.
Introduced varieties of hibiscus are obtained in zones
with a moderate temperature-humidity regime,
therefore not all are easily adapted in the conditions of
the south of Russia. According to the results of the
research, several varieties of sources of valuable traits
have been identified. Varieties with pure white petals:
Totus Alba, William R. Smith, White Chiffon, White
Pillar. Varieties with bright crimson color petals:
Freedom, Carneus Plenus, Woodbridge, Duc de
Brabant. The Blue Chiffon variety is the source of
bright blue petals, Sanchonyo is a source of bright
purple-crimson petals. Of great value are varieties that
have an unusual combination in the color of petals,
like the varieties Monstrosus and Hamabo. By the
sign: a large flower (d of a flower more than 12 cm),
the collection includes varieties White Chiffon, Chaina
Chiffon, Pink Giant. Variety Dorothi Crane and
hybrids: T-16-11, T-7-11, K-16-12 are identified as
sources of round, wheel-shaped flower. With a double
flower type, the varieties are represented by varieties:
Blue Chiffon, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Leopoldii,
Speciosus, Lucci, Sanchonyo, Freedom, Carneus
Plenus. Varieties: Woodbrige, Russion Violet, Ledy
Stenly, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Purple Pillar
are sources of abundant long (more than 3 months)
flowering. With a high degree of self-purification after
flowering, varieties are distinguished: White Chiffon,
Sanchonyo, Purple Pillar, White Pillar, Freedom.
Varieties: China Chiffon, Freedom, Lucii, Leopoldii,
RussionViolet, hybrid forms: T-16-11, T-18-11, T-21-
12 are characterized by increased adaptability to
abiotic factors in south of Russia. Dedicated varieties and forms - sources of valuable economic and
biological characteristics are of interest for involving
in selection and allow to model varieties with given
properties
The article presents results of the six-year study of the
effect of stocks Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB and
Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B on yield, quality of
grapes and wine Rkatsiteli in the central zone of the
Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on the scion strongly
depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given
year, there is a stock, better adapted to the weather
conditions. Stocks of Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B
increases winter hardiness variety Rkatsiteli. On
average, during six years the stocks have not been
resulted in significant difference between the
percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile
shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and
fruitbearing shoots Rkatsiteli. Among all the
influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks is
0.1-0.4%. Some differences in forming of generative
organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under
the influence of stocks do not lead to significant
differences in biological terms of fruiting varieties in
the whole piece. On average, six years of significant
difference in the effect of stocks on the average weight
of the bunches, and the yield is not defined - the
degree of influence of rootstocks on mentioned
indicators is 0,1-2,1%. A significant impact of stocks
on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has
not been discovered. The degree of influence of
stocks on to the final sugar content and acidity of
berries is 0.3 and 14.5%, respectively. The wine
produced from Rkatsiteli berries on a stock Berlandieri
× Riparia Kober 5BB has the better tasting score than
on the stock Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B (7.5 and 7.4
points, respectively). The main influence on fruiting of
the variety Rkatsiteli was provided by the conditions
of the current and previous vegetation. Within the
conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region
the cultivating of the variety Rkatsiteli is reasonable
for both studied stocks
The impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil
phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz
suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of
the study were sod-gley leached soils and different
varieties of triticale plants. The research was
conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology
of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives
data on microelements content in soils and plants
within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial
enterprises. There was a marked change of
miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their
penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort
characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in
vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The
conducted research is informative for soil and plant
condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted
environment. The work indicates the increasing danger
of microelements (including heavy metals)
accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological
cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants,
animals and people during the usage of fertilizers,
especially their high doses. The most dangerous
among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead.
We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of
these metals. The results of the research can be used in
soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and
diagnosis and in development of regional
environmental regulation
The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and
coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed
fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows,
sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully
used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass
is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used
for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the
fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients,
necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value
of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or
exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of
nutritional value according to fodder units is being
revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the
value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients.
The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is
considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied
with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of
fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its
chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general
(energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is
to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from
the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds
of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for
poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among
the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe
88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green
chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet
sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine.
The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’
and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best
varieties according to the contents of fodder units
For the production of high quality winter wheat grain,
it is necessary to observe the technology of growing
the crop and creating optimal conditions for the growth
and development of plants. An important role in it is
played not only by agrotechnical measures, but also by
effective protection of crops from pests. The
phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowings has
worsened significantly in recent years, however, the
degree of damage to crops and the harmfulness of
fungal diseases can be significantly reduced, and in
some cases completely prevented by treatment of crops
with fungicides. The range of fungicides is improved
annually by incorporating more effective and less
environmentally hazardous preparations. The research is aimed at determining the optimal rates of
consumption, the biological effectiveness of new
fungicides and assessing their effect on the yield of
winter wheat. As a result, it has been established that
treatment with Abucus Ultra with a rate of 1.0 l / ha
has protective properties, but does not treat plants
(72.2%). This further leads to a loss of an average of
about 0.5 tons of grain per hectare. Fungicide Akanto
Plus in the investigated rates of consumption has good
protective and eradicating (healing) properties and
with a decrease in the rate of consumption of less loss
of yield. Thus, the choice of the preparation and its
consumption rate should be based on an understanding
of the phytosanitary situation, taking into account the
condition of crops and the agroclimatic situation
The biotechnology (year - round utilization of livestock and spirit wastages) was developed for the protection of farmlands and water objects. Technology of processing of organic wastages by means of earthworms (vermicomposting) gives the chance to use wastages of livestock complexes, to make a sewage disposal at minimum energy consumption. In the field experiment which was made in the training farm called "Kuban" for the detailed studying of influence of the held events there were put the platforms. The technique of probability of estimation of ameliorative condition of an irrigated field is given in the article. The nonparametric statistical assessment of degree of soil compliance to the normative conditions is defined
Early-ripening white cabbage has a special place
among the vegetables cultivated in Kuban region. It
opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open
ground and is supplied to other regions at a time
when shortage of vegetables of domestic production
is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to
domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality,
uniformity and productivity should not concede to
foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of
early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on
modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by
morphological and economic traits. Development of
male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culture in
vitro can more successfully solve the problem of
quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the
above methods and approaches helped develop series
of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic
traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening
hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids,
Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding
achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness,
uniformity and high marketability of heads, high
productivity. According to results of contest trial new
hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid
has high productivity potential for growing in sale
cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the
participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to
fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were
produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide
industrial and environmental testing
Nicotiana tabacum and rustica are facultative self-pollinated plants, therefore, because of pollination peculiarities, specific methods are applicable to growing seeds of this plants. Researches on mass, individual and family, recurrent methods of seeds selection for productivity and sowing properties are carried in the institute for revealing most efficient methods of getting seeds. Seeds growing system for Nicotiana tabacum and rustica is a part of general seeds growing system for all agricultural plants and consists of breeding, testing new sorts, mass reproduction of seeds with retained biological and productivity properties, seeds harvesting and controlling their sort and sowing properties. Primary growing of nicotiana tabacum and rustica seeds is carried by individual and family or recurrent selection and further testing of chosen plants, distinctive for this sort, on economically valuable and biological properties. Peculiarities of each zoned sort are kept by retaining its primary genome with constant selection of highly productive genotypes, specific for this sort. Well-organized seed growing system leads to sort potential revealing. Biotype composition of sort is obviously changing in a few years, so primary seeds growing system should be constantly improved