Progress of breeding for resistance to diseases, pests
and low temperatures is provided by cross-species
hybridization. Institute of Vine and Wine "Magarach"
is one of the leading centers of selection of grapes in
the world. The breeding program of deducing grapes at
the institute is based on the study and attracting the
world's gene pool, including and industrial of the
Russian Federation assortment of grapes. Analysis
assortment shows that the share of productive, highquality
varieties with group resistance to diseases,
pests and extreme environmental factors is very
small. The main method of selection of grapes of a
new generation who have genetically determined traits
earliness, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors is
crossing complex interspecific hybrids and forms of
their involvement with each other and with the forms
of species Vitis vinifera, belonging to different ecogeographical
groups, saturating crossing between
hybrid forms with complex features, the appropriate
selection of reference. For vigorous offspring is most
effective as a parent to use a local variety of forms of
Crohn and father - interspecific cultivar Alminsky
There was given the review of the results of the study
in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence
of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the
drug called "TMTD-plus", containing the growth
stimulator Krezatsin in its composition, on the
development of corn hybrids of different maturity
groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute
of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross
199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and
the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk
170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middlematurity
population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were
conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of
scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage
production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University.
The soil surface was presented as southern black earth.
The technology of growing of maize on the
experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for
the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter
wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first
(early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 °
C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12
° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t =
+15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids –
70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60
thousand pieces/ha, middle-ripe – 50 thousand
piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha.
The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The
application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to
reduce the growing season of maize plants for one -
two days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize
hybrids and populations, we can largely control the
development of plants changing the length of the
growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting
conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work
The results of the work experience carried out in the
poultry breeding farm of Limited Liability Company
«Incubator-poultry plant Pervomaiskaja» on the
effect of the multifunctional feed additive «Tetra+»
on productivity of males and laying hens in the
production of broiler chickens.
It is found that males experimental group receiving
the feed additive in the diet «Tetra+» have better
blood serum biochemical indices in comparison with
the control group cockerels. This indicates that the
feed additive «Tetra+» shows the properties to
improve liver function and decreased intoxication of
male manufacturers. It was revealed, that in the
experimental group increased divorce figures, while
the control group of males producing hatchability is
reduced, and the end of observation of this indicator
of the trend towards recovery is not evident. It
recorded the highest percentage yield of hatching
eggs from hens of the experimental group, while the
control group showed a tendency to reduce this
figure. Thus it may be noted that the use of a
multifunctional feed additive "Tetra +" when feeding
cocks and hens can improve productivity, reduce
bird deaths and to strengthen the protective function
of the body of birds
This research reviews an analysis of several problems of milk production process as well as fast methods of dairy cows' health control widely used in the countries of high-level dairy breeding. The results of milk analysis via test stripes reveal that about 30% of cows during transition period - phases transit 2 and 1st phase of lactation - have clinical and subclinical ketosis marks what comes as one of the reasons of cow's low productivity. Evaluation of cows' fatness evidence that only 46,4% of tested animals have normal fatness according to the appropriate lactation period, whereas other animals have too high fatness index and only very small part - 1% have extremely low fatness index. Cows' obesity leads in future to ketosis and disturbance in metabolism. The research also revealed nonconformities in boxes size, they do not satisfy requirements of comfortable Holstein cows handling. The article provides recommendations on implementation of tested methods based on survey in order to suggest the ways of milk production efficiency increase
The process of the presowing seed treatment with alternating electromagnet field of the commercial frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit with ring pole pieces allows increasing the germinating energy and power. The electromagnet seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is the perspective process of the presowing treatment which does not make unhealthy influence on the operating personnel. At the presowing treatment we have to take into account three factors, they are the arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this article the authors recommend to promote the unit consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a magnetizing coil and an embedding of the non-magnetic material in the working chamber which allows increasing the germinating energy of spring barley by 10% and the germination by 7%. As field experiences have shown the highest seed germination and good crop capacity take place in the work chamber zone with boundaries R1=0,012 m and R2=0,035 m at seed humidity from 12% till 18% and the time of seed treatment is 0,9-2,75 s. The addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of the spring barley treatment
The article presents a comparative analysis of national
economic importance of winter barley in relation to
other crops. The advantages of winter barley in a
number of factors have been observed. The information
about acreage under crop and gross yield of this crop is
presented in an article in the form of tables. The authors
have studied such important factors as a dynamics of
acreage of crop yield in the main regions of cultivation.
Against the overall negative dynamics of sown areas,
they noted a clear increase in 2013. An analysis of grain
yield of winter barley in the main regions of cultivation
by year has been presented graphically. Special
attention was paid to the Southern Federal District and
the Krasnodar Territory in particular as a major
producer of grain of winter barley. The analysis of
yields in the major regions of cultivation of winter
barley showed a clear advantage of the Krasnodar
region. The index of the average grain yield of winter
barley cultivation in this region for the period from
2003 to 2008 has been shown. Moreover, the article has
presented the role of sorts in increasing the yield grade.
We have also highlighted the issue of selection of
winter barley in our country. The desirability of
increasing the production of winter barley in the
Russian Federation has been noted as well
Influence of fertilizers and the feed areas on seed efficiency of Glyaysdorfer elkerbison pumpkin on dark-chestnut soils of Rostov region has been revealed.
Recommendations to manufacturers for obtaining the greatest crops of seeds of pumpkin are offered
The purpose of this research is to assess the ability of
reclamation plantations of walnut and black nut to accumulate heavy metals in phytomass – leaves, shoots, fruits. The studies were conducted in the Rostov region, as well as in the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions
This article presents the results of the chickpea effect in feeding young and adult laying hens of "Hajseks brown" cross on their productivity and nutrient digestibility of feed. Studies have been conducted on the JSC "Agro-firm Vostok" in Nikolayevsky district of the Volgograd region. Complete or partial replacement of sunflower oil cake by chickpeas as part of feed for the experimental pullet hens improves nutrient digestibility coefficients compared with the control pullet group. The balance of nitrogen was positive in all groups, the use of nitrogen taken from guinea pullets was higher than in the control group at 0, 27-0,74%. Use of chickpea in the composition of feed for laying hens increases the digestibility coefficients of nutrients: dry matter - to 1,17-3,25%, organic matter - to 1,62-3,37% crude protein - to 0,45-1, 77%, crude fiber - to 0,72-1,05%; crude fat - to 0,35-1,55%, compared with chickens, hens in the control group. The use of nitrogen from the digested was1,37-2,13% higher in the experimental groups compared to analogs of the control group. The use of calcium and phosphorus for the formation of eggs was also higher in the experimental groups
The problem of environmental safety of agricultural
products and agro-technical measures is very urgent
now. Various agrochemicals are widely used in
agricultural production: plant protection preparations,
fertilizers, stimulants and plant growth regulators, etc.
One possible solution of this problem may be a partial
replacement of mineral fertilizers by bacterial ones.
The aim of our research was to determine the effect of
different fertilizers and methods of their application on
the quantity of microorganisms in the apple root
rhizosphere soil. The research was carried out
according to conventional methods. In our experiment,
we determined the number of microorganisms in the
rhizosphere of the roots of apple trees, nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium in the leaves; hydrolysable
nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable
potassium in soil and crop yield. The highest yield was
obtained by fertigation in our research. Application
bacterial fertilizer to the soil ensured yield increase at
the level of mineral fertilizer application. Application
of fertilizers in general, in the studied application rates
provided optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium content in the leaves and soil. By use of
fertigation and bacterial fertilizers were high and
relatively stable numbers of microorganisms in the
rhizosphere of the apple trees. The number of
microorganisms in the rhizosphere had a positive
correlation with yield and the content of nutrients in
soil and in leaves