FORMATION OF AN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
The article is devoted to the problems of creating an effective organizational-economic mechanism of management in agricultural production and the substantiation for the use of a problem-oriented approach in the management of business structures. The article is an exploratory, it has reflected the fact that it dealt with the peculiarities of agricultural production in modern conditions, and it has identified factors increase the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture, the necessity, in order to improve production efficiency, of the use of a problem-oriented approach in the management of business structures. The article considers specific features of agriculture, without which it is impossible to ensure the desired performance of a functioning business structures. It is proved that the solution of the problems of modern development of agricultural production, enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises in connection with the entry into WTO is closely linked to the identification of such features and the determination of their effect (stimulating or inhibiting) the final results of functioning of economic entities in the agricultural sector. In the article, much attention is paid to the issue of performance management entrepreneurship business entities engaged directly in agricultural production, which represents a system of organizational and technological management, providing specified volumes of production and raw materials for the processing industry, meeting the requirements of quality and sustainability and affordable prices for a wide range of consumers, as well as the definition of the specific objectives of the performance management of agricultural producers. In the article the urgency of the problem-oriented approach with identified problems identify the factors increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and to develop an optimal management decisions for specific agrifood systems
The article is devoted to the important problem of competitiveness of agricultural production. The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation up to 2020 focuses on increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers and the ecologization of products. In modern conditions of Russia's economic sanctions and limited domestic commodity producers are significantly affected. The development of the competitiveness of individual enterprises is possible in case of forming of clearly-defined economic consumer - demand oriented policy. The article provides interpretation of definition "competitiveness" by the various authors and highlights its substantial features. The dynamics of fruit plantations, volumes of croppage and productivity of fruit production are reviewed and analyzed. The areas of pome and drupaceous crops in specialized farms of Krasnodar region in 2013 grouped by fruit zones are presented in the article. The advantages of domestic producers over the western ones are presented in view of food embargo imposed to European food products by the Government of the Russian Federation. In these conditions it is necessary to continuously improve the competitiveness of the products at the expense of maximum compliance with consumer and cost characteristics of existing and potential demands of customers. The sociological research aimed at identifying the consumer demands to fruits and berries of the population of the city of Krasnodar was conducted. The research aimed at identifying factors influenced on the consumers while choosing fruit at the markets of the city of Krasnodar was conducted. The estimation of factors influencing on consumers' choice was conducted. The data has been presented in the ranking. The perspective courses of business entities' activities which orient on development of competitiveness in conditions of globalization, ecologization, institutional and economic constraints were determined
The article focuses on the forms of transmission of knowledge in agronomy. We can separate verbal or word form, literary, through books and visual, through the works of art. In this regard, the porcelain is treated as a separate independent resource of information on the history of agriculture in the period from 1917 to 1975. In the study of the history of the popularization of agronomic knowledge in Russia we included visual images of porcelain taken from the catalogues of private collections, books, photographs of exhibitions and illustrations. As a tool of the analysis method we used sketches and visual notes. This article has a brief review of the history of the development of porcelain in our country and we have emphasized the Soviet propaganda porcelain. In the studied period we were highlighting another distinct type of porcelain - peasant porcelain, where the focus was on the images of life and living conditions of rural workers. In the database of images we included the works of leading artists such as N. Dan'ko, V. Kuznetsov, S. Chekhonin, R. Vildie, Z. Kobyletska and many others. In the agitation porcelain there was a reflection of several areas: gathering fruit and vegetables; harvesting; a reflection of village life and rural life; exhibitions and fairs; the theme of work and leisure in rural production. Visual analysis of small forms on the example of images of harvesting showed the most common crops (grapes, cotton, tomatoes, apples, various vegetables). Image of fruits and vegetables are a documentary reflection of the history of spreading and introduction of a number of crops in different agroclimatic zones of the country. Thus, porcelain is one of the sources of information on the history of agriculture in our country, covering a certain period from 1917 to 1975, acting as a separate resource, which clearly reflects the bygone era
We have investigated the influence of nickel oxide in
the amount 100, 1000 mg/kg of the soil (1, 10 MPC),
combined with the influence of variation magnetic field
with induction of 50, 100 and 650 μT power frequency
of 50 Hz on the enzyme activity and phytotoxity of the
southern chernozem. We have established significant
reduction of enzyme activity of catalase and length of
roots after the influence of the variation of magnetic
fields. Pollution by nickel as an independent factor
caused stimulation of enzyme activity of a
dehydrogenaze and length of roots of radish. The
greatest inhibition of the activity of all indicators was
observed at joint influence of magnetic fields and
pollution by nickel of concentration of 1 maximum
permissible concentration (1 MPC). Enzyme activity of
dehydrogenaze was significantly stimulated (p
The optimization issues of governance and the
development of agriculture sector are particularly
relevant in times of financial sanctions,
implementation of the strategy of import
substitution. Integration is the one of these
mechanisms. In the article, we have discussed in
detail the historical aspect of the appearance agroindustrial
integration in Russia. The authors
highlighted the negative aspects constraining the
development of integration processes in the
industry. The agro-industrial complex is considered
as a set of regional and microcomplexes. The article
identified three main areas of the industry. Its
balance is able to provide dynamic and sustainable
development of agriculture. Dynamics of the share
of industry in the formation of the key indicators of
the Russian economy are presented. It demonstrates
the need to solve issues of increasing the efficiency
of all agrarian formations. The authors proposed
industrial and economic way out of the current crisis
on the results of the research. The Government
support of agriculture is the main instrument of
agrarian policy, especially in times of economic
crisis. The authors proposed a cluster approach to
economic development as a priority. It allows
reaching high competitiveness and stability of
economic systems of cluster. In the article the advantages of creating clusters in the regional
economic system are presented. We have summed
up the implementation of the previously developed
innovative, systemic management model
The article considers the method of comparison of radiation sources for plant growing by photosynthetic energy units or analogs costs, evaluation of critical values photosynthetic active radiation efficiency at which light-emitting diodes comparable by photosynthetic energy unit's costs with the most common alternative sources for irradiation of plants – high pressure sodium lamps
The constitutional regulations of all countries guarantee their citizens the right to education. In the Republic of South Ossetia during last years we observed a process of modernization of the state. In particular, the legislation on education directed on guaranteeing the right of citizens for education has been developing. The state defined the main directions of a development of education, material and personnel resources, and also the problems in this sphere were revealed. One of key problems is insufficiency of financing of an education system which doesn't allow guaranteeing the right for education at the necessary level. The availability of educational institutions for students is essential to guarantee the right to education. Modern states establish minimum standards for primary, secondary and higher education. Thus, primary education must be universal, compulsory and free, and in case of its absence, elementary education should be encouraged or intensified. In the secondary, including vocational, education guaranteed openness and accessibility for all, including through "progressive introduction of free education". In the Russian Federation, the availability of educational institutions for students was solved comprehensively, but mainly due to the municipal reform, according to which the territory is rural and urban settlements were formed taking into account walking distance from the administrative center. The author proposes to consider similar experience for South Ossetia
In the present article we have shown the necessity of intensification of agricultural processes in dairy producing subcomplex of Agro–Industrial Complex, based on summarized scientific researches, and the necessity to increase the economic efficiency as key factors in security of produce independence of the country. There are presented objective backgrounds of reproduction as reflection of the fact, that created goods are constantly consumed and human needs are renewed. Hence, the production should be renewed and reproduced now and again. The characteristic of production resources is given along with their share in the production process. The relation between extended reproduction and economic growth, being a criterion of economic development is shown as well. There were characterized the ways of achievement of extended reproduction, as the extensive and the intensive. At the same time, there is an accent in expediency of intensification of production based on imbedding of scientifically and technological progress. As far as the intensive way is resource saving the extensive, on contrary, is recourse expendable. Economical efficiency of this process appears in directed and systemized increase in cattle productivity, increase of production by simultaneous decrease of costs of objectified and direct labor per one unit of produced goods. The achievement of extended reproduction in dairy producing subcomplex is not achievable without reach of high level of intensification processes in production of milk. The results of the research, concerning the connection between intensification and efficiency of production, were systemized. These results show, that the increase of level of production intensification leads to the growth of cattle productivity, labor productivity, profitability, increase of production output. After the switching to intensive way of farm development, due to limited character of resources availability, the decrease of capital costs of basic assets and inventory, direct labor per one unit of increase in output has a leading role in the increase of development in dairy producing subcomplex
Based on the previous investigations we have underlined the need to increase fruit and vegetables preservation quality while transporting them from the producer to the consumer at the expense of improving the road transport operation for its intended purpose. We have made a conclusion about the need to develop strategies for maintenance and repair as for the actual technical state at the expense of developing the diagnosis system based on the development of a math model of changing the technical state of the diagnosis object, developing a method of rational set of objects to be diagnosed and determining the technical state optimal control frequency. We have confirmed that the above mentioned is possible when considering the system of technical operation of road transport as an organization-production system and applying the engineering-cybernetic approach to improve this system. We have considered the basic requirements for the efficiency indexes when investigating and improving the operation system that will allow achieving the aim we have had and can be described mathematically. We have made a conclusion about the urgency of the issue we studied and the possibility to develop the efficient operation system of road transport based on the provided criteria
In the USSR higher attestation Commission from
1975 to the collapse of the USSR was subordinated
not to the Ministry of education and science, but to
the Council of Ministers of the USSR directly.
However, since then there is a steady trend of gradual
reduction of the status of the Commission. Today
it is not just included in the Ministry of education,
it is just one of the units of one of its structures:
the Rosobrnadzor. Reduced status of the HAC inevitably
leads to a decline in the status and in the adequacy
of scientific degrees assigned as well as scientific
ranks. This process of devaluation of traditional
academic degrees and titles assigned to the HAC,
has reached the point when a few years ago there
were abolished salary increments for them. Now,
instead of that, every university and research institutes
have developed their local, i.e. non-comparable
with each other scientometric methods of evaluation
of the results of scientific and teaching activities.
Despite the diversity of these techniques, there is a
common thing among all of them, which is the disproportionate
role of the h-index. The value of the
Hirsch index starts to play an important role in the
protection, when considering competitive cases for
positions, as well as in determining the monthly
rewards for the results of scientific and teaching
activities. By itself, this index is well founded, theoretically.
However, in connection with the practice
of its application in our conditions, in the collective
consciousness of the scientific community there was
a kind of mania, which the authors call the "Hirschmania".
This mania is characterized by elevated
unhealthy interest to the value of the Hirsch index,
as well as incorrect manipulation of its value, i.e.
inadequate artificial exaggeration of this value, as
well as a number of negative consequences of that
interest. In this study we have made an attempt to construct a quantitative measure for assessing the
extent of improper manipulation of the value of the
Hirsch index, and offered a science-based modification
of the h-index, insensitive (resistant) to the manipulation.
The article presents a technique for all
the numerical calculations, which is simple enough
for any author to use