The state of any economic system depends on the values of its parameters, both in the current period and at previous times. Therefore, in the process of optimization of production management, it is necessary to take into account this feature of the development of the systems under consideration. The most important task of economic research is the establishment of an equilibrium price. The most suitable hysteresis converters for solving this problem, the formal description of which is based on their operator interpretation. However, at present, when analyzing the functions of supply and demand, a cobweb-like model and its analogues are used, as a rule. This article discusses the unresolved problem of optimizing production under conditions of hysteresis pricing and competition. Taking into account that their mathematical modeling is the main method of analyzing economic systems with hysteresis properties, different pricing models (discrete and continuous) are considered in the article, as well as economic and mathematical tools for optimizing production activity under hysteresis pricing conditions. The developed models can be used to increase the adequacy of the formal mathematical description of the corresponding systems, which is the basis for more accurate forecasts of their development. In the conditions of hysteresis pricing, production optimization algorithms will allow to create optimal (in terms of achieving maximum profit) price and production strategies for the development of economic systems
Mathematical modeling is one of the leading places among methods of research of economic systems and processes. The article considers the main management problem of the rocket-space complex in modern conditions and gives a brief description of this problem in conjunction with the tasks of innovative modernization and financial sustainability of enterprises of the complex. We have considered a common situation where the enterprises of the rocket-space complex in implementation of its development is carrying out an investment project, the financing of which is taken from a loan. It is proved that the implementation of this project can be appropriate, if as a result of the implementation the net present value of the enterprise increases. We have developed a model, which provides optimization of financial providing of high-tech enterprises of the rocket-space complex in the implementation of their modernization project taking into account the specifics of the use of own and borrowed funds
The article discusses the role and importance of the
process of staff rotation in organizations. Not to
mention the important role of this process in
constructing the system of personnel management.
The proposed system of rotation of personnel in the
organization, which consists of several stages,
including some incoming information and the
necessary procedures. A schematic representation of
the process of rotation of personnel in the
organization will allow management to clearly
understand the objectives and actions at each stage of
rotation and to systematize the results.
Systematization of the process of rotation will
increase staff motivation and productivity, reduce
employee turnover and organizational costs. An
important component of the rotation is planning of
internal staff movements. The article presents an
example of a table plan staff movements taking into
account the types of movement, divisions and posts.
This takes into account the sequence of individual
movements and training of candidates. Planning
internal labor movements will improve the moralpsychological
climate in the team, reduce staff
turnover and thus improve socio-economic
performance of the organization as a whole. As a
result of implementation of the above activities, the
organization will receive not only economic but also
social effect
This work is devoted to a new method for designing
large-scale structures of transport networks. The
model of a large-scale transport network is built on
prefractal graphs. The model of a large-scale transport
network is based on the principle of hierarchical
organization of territories. A prefractal graph is a
finite analogue of a fractal graph combining the
properties of a fractal and a graph. Some problems of
discrete optimization on prefractal graphs become
polynomially solvable under certain conditions.
Reducing the complexity of extreme problems on
prefractal graphs is due to the fact that on these
graphs for some problems, along with the selfsimilarity
property, the property of heredity appears.
Using this property, it is possible to construct parallel
algorithms for problems on prefractal graphs, the
complexity of which is orders of magnitude lower
than for known successive algorithms
The article presents a simulation modeling method
which is applied to the development analysis of the
microeconomic objects. Examination of the classical
version of the simulation dynamic model E
(Enterprise) intended for research of monoproduct
enterprises with unchanged technology is conducted;
the possibilities of its adaptation for small business
objects and modifications to the imitation model of a
small enterprise (IMSE) are proved. The dendrogram
of the complex of possible IMSE modifications formed
on the basis of the E model is presented, which allows
describing the activity of small firms of different
profiles and solving a wide range of tasks of their
strategic planning and management. The proposed
dendrogram is a conceptual framework for imitating
modeling of small business objects
The article describes definition of a new type of
crypto currency and innovative payment system. It
outlines the relevance in connection with the fact that
Bitcoin is gaining popularity. For the first time in
history Bitcoin exchange rate reached $ 4000 per
token. It is noted that despite the growing popularity
of Bitcoin, Russia's opinion about Bitcoin's official
status is ambiguous: Bitcoin is not officially
recognized, as a means of payment, and, at the same
time, as noted in the official report of the Central
Bank of Russia, is not prohibited. The main types of
fraud using of crypto currency are listed. The
negative consequences of the introduction of crypto
currency into circulation have been studied and
analyzed. The main advantages of Bitcoin are
described: it is easy to use, reliable; its system is
open and not subject to counterfeiting. The
possibilities of its use for the financial crimes was
analyzed. It describes positions of the leading
countries of the world in relation to the legal status of
Bitcoin. The main principles of the Bitcoin system
operation are summarized and systemized; the main
vulnerabilities and "weak spots" of Bitcoin are
described with examples of the most known crimes in
the world using virtual money. The BTC
vulnerabilities are described in the article. This data,
as well as a description of the main aspects of the
Bitcoin practical essence, can be applied in practice
as the basis for analysis to identify and prevent
financial crimes using crypto currency
The article proposes a solution to one of the problems
of small business, which is creation of a part of the
software of management of information system
efficiency for small processing enterprises of AIC.
The fact is, that currently, there are almost no
information systems to support small business. All
known information systems have approximately the
same list of automated functions, covering the
accounting phase, and sometimes phase of analysis.
Practically, not affected by the evaluation function of
the economic situation, prediction, planning and
regulation. The proposed mathematical model has
been developed on the basis of the creation of
streaming schemes of one-product processing
enterprises of agroindustrial complex and
mathematical description of the proceeding financial
and material flows
In the article the analysis of an entity of consumer
value is provided, approaches to the description of a
concept of value are discussed; problems of a research
and measurement of consumer value are updated. The
consumer value of goods expresses in a choice from a
large number of similar goods, conditions for which
can be its cost, qualitative characteristics, gradations,
the sizes. It is set that in case of determination of
consumer value it is impossible to be guided only by
its cost, here its qualitative characteristics, conditions
of the supplier and the level of service will be an
important index for acquisition by wholesalers. The
consumer value of production proceeds from the
advantages got by the buyer from his acquisition and
costs of its purchase made by it. In addition, to
understand priorities of the buyer, it is necessary to
select analysis stages of consumer value, which are
divided into several processes; they include
production, a market research, and questions of sale
and support of production. Authors consider the value
as one-dimensional and multivariate construction,
select three basic approaches to value assessment. It is
set that pricing based on prime cost is made from
analytics of need of the buyer, with establishment of
necessity of goods for it, and its cost should
characterize its advantages
The article is about modern requirements to audit
documentation in accordance with International
Standards of Audit (ISAs). As the usage of ISAs in
Russia obliges auditors to use the new approaches to
agreeing terms of audit engagement, audit planning,
obtaining audit evidence and forming audit opinion, an
auditor has to prepare new forms of audit
documentation as the result of an audit conduct. The
main standard that contains information about audit
documentation is ISA 230 «Audit documentation». It
gives definition of «audit documentation», «audit file»,
«requirements to audit documentation» etc. The author
also analyses the theses of some other ISAs that might
also contain rules of making audit documentation. For
example, ISA 210 «Agreeing the term of audit
engagements» obliges auditor to make an audit
engagement letter, ISA 501 «Audit evidence – specific
consideration for selected items» says that an auditor
should conduct inventory of materials and as the result
of it make a request for being included into in the
inventory committee etc.
The article covers the theoretical aspects of the
regional investment and innovation policy and the
investment potential of the region. The key task of
regional investment and innovation policy is defined
ensuring innovation and reproduction of growth for by
using the competitive advantages of the region. The
analysis of distribution of the Russian regions on a
rating of the investment climate and the characteristic
of regions with the smallest and greatest investment
risk is submitted. It is revealed that the Krasnodar
region, speaking of the investment potential, within the
last two years surely takes the fourth place among
regions of Russia, and the share of Kuban in the
Russia's investment potential has made 2,856%. Thus,
the favorable investment climate of the Krasnodar
region develops at the expense of the following factors:
convenient geographical position, the developed
transport infrastructure, availability of unique
recreational resources, attractive sales markets,
positive climatic conditions and reserves of minerals.
We have defined the essence and the main directions
of development of the investment and innovation
capacity of the region on the example of the Krasnodar
region, which include: technology modernization and
structural adjustment of the region; forming and
continuous organizational support of regional projects
and programs; stimulation of development acting and
creation of new innovation, scientific production and
scientific and technical structures. The scheme of
carrying out monitoring of development of the
innovation capacity of the region and the scheme of
organizational and economic ensuring implementation
of the investment and innovation policy of the region
have also been developed