№ 121(7), September, 2016
Date issued: 30.09.2016
Physical Sciences and Engineering
In the USSR higher attestation Commission from
1975 to the collapse of the USSR was subordinated
not to the Ministry of education and science, but to
the Council of Ministers of the USSR directly.
However, since then there is a steady trend of gradual
reduction of the status of the Commission. Today
it is not just included in the Ministry of education,
it is just one of the units of one of its structures:
the Rosobrnadzor. Reduced status of the HAC inevitably
leads to a decline in the status and in the adequacy
of scientific degrees assigned as well as scientific
ranks. This process of devaluation of traditional
academic degrees and titles assigned to the HAC,
has reached the point when a few years ago there
were abolished salary increments for them. Now,
instead of that, every university and research institutes
have developed their local, i.e. non-comparable
with each other scientometric methods of evaluation
of the results of scientific and teaching activities.
Despite the diversity of these techniques, there is a
common thing among all of them, which is the disproportionate
role of the h-index. The value of the
Hirsch index starts to play an important role in the
protection, when considering competitive cases for
positions, as well as in determining the monthly
rewards for the results of scientific and teaching
activities. By itself, this index is well founded, theoretically.
However, in connection with the practice
of its application in our conditions, in the collective
consciousness of the scientific community there was
a kind of mania, which the authors call the "Hirschmania".
This mania is characterized by elevated
unhealthy interest to the value of the Hirsch index,
as well as incorrect manipulation of its value, i.e.
inadequate artificial exaggeration of this value, as
well as a number of negative consequences of that
interest. In this study we have made an attempt to construct a quantitative measure for assessing the
extent of improper manipulation of the value of the
Hirsch index, and offered a science-based modification
of the h-index, insensitive (resistant) to the manipulation.
The article presents a technique for all
the numerical calculations, which is simple enough
for any author to use
We have considered the formation of the Russian
scientific school in the field of econometrics,
obtained its obtained scientific results, the
possibilities of their use in solving problems of the
economy, the organization of production and
controlling of industrial companies and
organizations, as well as in teaching. As
econometrics we consider a scientific and an
academic discipline devoted to the development and
application of statistical methods to study economic
phenomena and processes, in short, statistical
methods in economics. Therefore, we can say that a
lot of domestic books and articles, in particular, the
works by the author of this publication from the
beginning of the 70s, are the parts of econometrics.
However, in this article we consider only the works,
in the titles of which we can see the word of
"econometrics". In our country the term
"econometrics" has become popular since the mid
90s. However, many publications and training
courses are still developed in the western outdated
paradigm. They do not conform to the new paradigm
of mathematical methods of economics, the new
paradigm of applied statistics and mathematical
statistics, mathematical methods of research. Russian
science school in the field of econometrics operates
within the scientific school in the field of probability
theory and mathematical statistics based by A.N.
Kolmogorov. Russian science school is developed in
accordance with the new paradigm of mathematical
methods. It is necessary to examine the main results
of Russian scientific schools in the field of
econometrics. We present the information on the
institutional design of national scientific schools in
econometrics, in particular, on the activities of the
Institute of High Technologies statistics and
econometrics
This work studies the mathematical model of the
object “inverted pendulum” on the example of the
unstable electromechanical devices which is
balancing robot on wheel couple. Unfortunately,
many details of object model are unknown. Logical
and empirical method offers hypotheses about the
difference between the actual object model from its
mathematical approximation based on logical
analysis with subsequent refinement of this model
and testing of the hypothesis with modeling of the
systems with the updated model. As a result, the
amendments to the model have been found
containing nonlinear components. With the help of
these amendments, the dynamic characteristics of
the actuator, filters, friction and the tendency of the
object to fluctuations are better taken into account
We propose an approach to the modeling of stressstrain
state of lithospheric structures near faults by
modeling them as Kirchhoff plates on threedimensional
elastic foundation. We describe an
efficient method of solving problems for plates with
rectilinear fractures, based on the transformation of
the differential operator, which allows us to analyze
the solutions obtained for different contact conditions
in the area of the fracture. The method is presented
on the example of the vibration problem of two
elongated plates on the surface of the elastic layer
under the effect of concentrated surface load. The
results of numerical implementation of the developed
algorithm make it possible to identify the influence of
the substrate properties, characteristics of the plates
and the nature of their border interactions on the
picture of wave process in the test structure. At the
same time obtained configurations of the harmonic
signal passage through the fracture can serve as an
indicator of its type. The proposed approach should
be used to determine the presence and type of
fractures based on measurements of signals from
vibration sources in cases when geophysical
environment can be modeled by the previously
described structure. The problems of studying objects
we reviewed in this paper also occur in various areas
of technology, and, therefore we can apply the
proposed method for their solution
Today, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of
premature deaths in the world. Agent-based
modeling can play an important role in predicting the
spread of disease and to assess the containment
measures. The aim is to construct a multi-agent
simulation model for the formation of epidemic
measures to reduce effectively their incidence. Using
the multi-agent simulation approach to modeling of
epidemics due to the fact that the approach allows us
to consider a number of factors influencing the
epidemic process, makes it possible to carry out
numerical experiments. The processes of the spatial
distribution and temporal variation of these two
groups of epidemics of infectious the author calls
dynamics. Usually hard-implemented spatial
components of the dynamics in the proposed model
can be substituted by predfractal topology of the
graph, which is built up by voluminous graphs -
primers, and the dynamics of compounding
prefractal graph, called its recognition, is responsible
for the timing of the process component. Under the
term of agent, we consider an elementary study
participant. An agent is active; it is in a state that
may change under the influence of factors. The
properties of the agent are attributed characteristics
that form the level of immunity: height, weight,
gender, income, marital status, education, geography
Multicriterial formulation for centers placement problem
on many-weighted prefractal graph is proposed. Estimation
of the radial criterion of prefractal graph generated
by seed-star is shown. Polynomial algorithm centers
placement on prefractal graph with preserving contiguity
old edges is suggested. Estimation of computational
complexity of the algorithm and the example of the work
algorithm are considered
In this work, we investigate the problem of collisions of
particles linked to the singularities of the gravitational
field in the Ricci flow. A system of non-linear parabolic
equations describing the evolution of the axially
symmetric metrics proposed. We consider the metric
having axial symmetry and comprising two singularities
simulating particles of finite mass. There was
numerically investigated the change of the metric in the
collision of particles. Two formulations of the problem
have been considered, one of which scatter particles after
the collision, and the other as a result of the merger of
two particles, a new stable static system, which can be
interpreted as a new particle. The initial and boundary
conditions using the exact solution of the static problem,
so the collision persist particularly metrics caused by the
presence of particles. In numerical experiments
determined that the collision of the particles in the Ricci
flow leads to the formation of gravitational waves,
similar in structure to the waves, registered in the LIGO
experiment. Consequently, we can assume that the
observed gravity waves caused mainly by transients
associated with the change in the metric system. A
model describing the emission of gravitational waves in
the collision of particles in the Ricci flow proposed. The
influence of the parameters of the problem - the speed
and mass of the particles, on the amplitude and intensity
of the emission of gravitational waves was numerically
simulated
In this study, we investigate the problem of the emission
of gravitational waves produced in collisions of particles
submitted to the singularities of the gravitational field. A
system of non-linear parabolic equations describing the
evolution of the axially symmetric metrics in the Ricci
flow derived. A model describing the emission of
gravitational waves in the collision and merger of the
particles in the Ricci flow proposed. It is shown that the
theory of the Ricci flow describes the problem of black
holes merge, consistent with Einstein-Infeld theory,
which describes the dynamics of the material particles
provided by the singularities of the gravitational field. As
an example, we consider the metric having axial
symmetry and comprising two singularities simulating
particles of finite mass. We have numerically
investigated the change of the metric in the collision and
merger of the particles. The initial and boundary
conditions using the exact solution of the static problem,
so the collision persist particularly metrics caused by the
presence of particles. In numerical experiments
determined that the collision of the particles in the Ricci
flow leads to the formation of gravitational waves,
similar in structure to the waves, registered in the LIGO
experiment. Consequently, we can assume that the
observed gravity waves caused mainly by transients
associated with the change in the metric of a system. The
influence of the parameters of the problem - the speed
and mass of the particles, on the amplitude and intensity
of the emission of gravitational waves was numerically
simulated. We have found chaotic behavior of
gravitational potentials at the merger of the singularities
in the Ricci flow
The influence of dissociation / recombination of water
molecules is important for understanding
electroconvection processes, as some authors believe
that the emergence of new carriers + H and − OH , and
can lead to a reduction in the space-charge and,
consequently, to electroconvection disappearance.
However, as shown in [5], the dissociation of water
molecules, although it reduces the space charge and
increases the threshold fall potential jump at which
begins electroconvection, yet it persists and effectively
mixes the solution. This article is devoted to
mathematical modeling of electrodiffusion of four
types of ions at the same time (two salt ions as well as
+ H and − OH ions) in the diffusion layer in electromembrane
systems with perfectly selective membrane
under the joint influence of violation of electrical neutrality, and the reaction of dissociation /
recombination of water molecules, development of
mathematical models of these processes, building
efficient algorithms asymptotic and numerical analysis
for different types of electrolytes. The work proposes a
new mathematical model of the process of transfer of
salt ions in view of the space charge and the
dissociation / recombination of water in the form of a
boundary value problem for a system of ordinary
differential equations. This system is reduced to a form
convenient for numerical solution. We have calculated
the required additional boundary conditions for the
electric field. Numerical and asymptotic solution of the
boundary value problem and physico-chemical
analysis of the influence of dissociation /
recombination on the transfer of salt ions is expected
to devote the next part of the work
The article reviews a method of systems structuring
systemology for systems problem solving. The
author’s modified algorithm of systems structuring of
G.J. Klir’s is presented. It shows software module
realizing the modified algorithm of systems
structuring
The article deals with the problem of changing the
polarity of the geomagnetic field in the satellite model.
It is assumed that the central core of the earth
magnetized and surrounded by a number of satellites,
each of which has a magnetic moment. Satellites
interact with a central core and one another by means
of gravity and through a magnetic field. It is shown
that satellites distributed in orbit around a central core
in such a system. It displays two models, one of which
on the outer orbit satellites interact with each other and
with a central body - the core and satellites, located on
the inner orbit. The central body can make sudden
upheavals in the fall at the core of one or more
satellites, which leads to the excitation of vibrations in
the satellite system, located on the outer orbit. It is
shown that the duration of phase with constant polarity
and upheaval time depends on the magnitude of the
disturbance torque and core asymmetry. The second
model contains two magnets subsystems and the
central core. The rapid change of the geomagnetic field
polarity detected on the basis of paleomagnetic data is
modeled based on the Euler theory describing the rigid
body rotation. In this model, there are modes with a
quick flip of the body while maintaining the angular
momentum. If the body has a magnetic moment, when
there is a change coup magnetic field polarity. This
leads to the excitation of vibrations in the satellite subsystems
that are on the inner and outer orbits.
Numerical simulation of the dynamics of the system
consisting of the core and 10-13 satellites was run to
determine the period of constant polarity magnetic
field
Life Sciences
Along with traditional ways, the biotechnological
methods become more significant in contribution to
plant conservation in situ. The work is dedicated to
elaboration and advancement of the method of isolated
tissues and organs culture for conservation and
reproduction of the badan, Bergenia crassifolia L., the
rare species of Saxifrgaceae family. The conducted
study yielded the regenerated plants of B. crassifolia
from seeds. For the first time, we have performed
conservation and reproduction of B. crassifolia in vitro
under conditions of Yakutia
The soil by it physical and chemical properties is a
poly-dispersed heterogeneous multicomponent unique
environment for development of most microorganisms.
The soil is the richest natural substrate according
to microbial gene fund. Presence of plants and
animals in soil maintains it heterogeneous as environment
of soil microorganisms, which are main regulators
of natural gas composition of atmosphere of
Earth, including its macro- and micro-components
(including the main "greenhouse" gases - methane,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide). Recently, the elucidation
of these singularities of vital activity of soil organisms
has resulted in general conclusion - due to
them soil cover serves as a global bio-geo-chemical
membrane, through which the exchange of matter and
energy between pedosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere and main living inhabitants of Earth does
its work
In FSBRI «North-Caucasus zonal scientific-research
institute of horticulture and viticulture» (Krasnodar)
there was carried out the comparative economicbiological
study of the average-height apple-tree
stock М9ЕМLA in comparison with initial weakgrowing
stock М9 in manifold, nursery and garden.
Manifold bushes of the clone M9ЕMLA is quite
worse in force than the stock М9 and were less
branchy. Output of standard per hectare of manifold
at the clone M9ЕMLA was on 35,5 thousand units
more, and а standard condition of cuttings - on 13,2
% higher, than at the stock М9. Cuttings of the clone
were less spiked and better rooted. In the first field of
nursery, the plants of the clone had a vertical growth
of the central conductor, slightly weaved and were
more suitable to inoculation. The output of standard
plants, in the variant with the use of clone M9ЕMLA
by the variety Champion, in average for 2006-2010
was on 3112 units/hа, and on the variety Prikubanskoye
– correspondently on 2470 units/hа higher
than grafted on the stock М9. The cost price of 1000
seedlings on the clone M9ЕMLA was on 1962 rubles
less than on the stock М9, and the standard of profitability
of seedling growing, on the contrary was on
14-19 % higher. In the garden the trees on the clone
M9ЕMLA were worse in growth of trees grafted on
М9: on volume of the crone on 0,4-0,6 m3
, in diameter
of the stem on 9-12 mm, in dependence on
the variety, independently on the fact that some trees
on clone were more weaker than grafted on the stock
М9, their productivity for 2011-2015 was higher as
from one tree as from the unit of area. The intensity
of fruiting expressed in yield in kilos from a tree on
the unit of volume of the top of a tree on the clone
M9ЕMLA was on 33-39% higher than at the trees on
the stock М9
Hereby we present the results of the research devoted
to study of influence of growth modulator called
melaphen on the technical brand of gapes such as
Sovinion White and its agro-biological characteristics.
The research was conducted in 2014-2015 using
fruitful grape Sovinion White of 2004 planting as a
subject in agro farm “Yuzhnaya” of Temruk in the
Krasnodar Region. Melaphen is a type of melamine
salt of bioximethilphosphin acid. It evokes complex
influence on the energetic complex of vegetation cell
in all three stages of vegetation. The chemical was
applied mechanically by a tractor sprinkling. The
square of tested patch is 2 hectares. Melaphen usage
was 6,7 ml to 1 hectare . Norm of liquid applied was
700 liters to 1 hectare. Three times the chemical was
applied during vegetation: before blossoming, grape
growth phase (grapes the size of a pea) and before the
grapes ripen. As a result it was estimated that three times chemical application of melaphen to Sovinion
White in dose 1.
10-9 in period after blossoming of
grapes and before the grapes ripen led to more
saturated accumulation of sugar in juice of the grapes
and also to faster ripening and harvesting, larger mass
of grape bunch amount of harvesting from a bush.
Besides, in the tested option growing processes are
accelerated and pigmentation agents are accumulated
faster in the leaves and embryo infestation in winter
sleeping core is boosted at larger scale. Better harvest
quality leads to better wine materials quality.
Application of melaphen provides higher economical
efficiency
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed
crops, which are of great economic importance in
Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop
in terms of climatic conditions range, for that
reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the
Russian Federation in various weather conditions.
Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste
qualities, it is used numerously in food and is
applied in various fields of food industry. The
biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and
fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of
great nutritional value to humans, are contained in
the oil. According to its calorific capacity,
sunflower oil is on the first place among
vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of
sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most
favorable region of the Russian Federation for
obtaining high and stable yields of this crop.
However, here the drought is observed during the
summer period and it affects adversely the
productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The
increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed
study of physiological features of productivity
formation and seeds quality that is highly
important task in view of the current geopolitical
situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue
is the appliance of the growth regulators,
possessing anti-stress activity that improve the
quality of sowing seeds and increase the
productivity and plant resistance to stressful
environmental factors. These drugs include
growth regulator called Furolan, which was
created in KubGTU and is certified for use in
Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes,
there is no its residual quantities in the products
and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on
physiological and biochemical processes,
improves the productivity of plants, their
resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by
increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as
to the risk of fungal diseases
Sunflower is one of the most important oilseed
crops, which are of great economic importance in
Russia and in the world. It is very adaptive crop
in terms of climatic conditions range, for that
reason it is cultivated on a vast territory of the
Russian Federation in various weather conditions.
Sunflower oil has high nutritional and taste
qualities, it is used numerously in food and is
applied in various fields of food industry. The
biologically active linoleic acid, phosphatides and
fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K, which are of
great nutritional value to humans, are contained in
the oil. According to its calorific capacity,
sunflower oil is on the first place among
vegetable oils. Due to biological characteristics of
sunflower, the Krasnodar region is the most
favorable region of the Russian Federation for
obtaining high and stable yields of this crop.
However, here the drought is observed during the
summer period and it affects adversely the
productivity and quality of sunflower seeds. The
increasing of resistance to unfavorable weather conditions is possible only based on detailed
study of physiological features of productivity
formation and seeds quality that is highly
important task in view of the current geopolitical
situation in Russia. One way of solving this issue
is the appliance of the growth regulators,
possessing anti-stress activity that improve the
quality of sowing seeds and increase the
productivity and plant resistance to stressful
environmental factors. These drugs include
growth regulator called Furolan, which was
created in KubGTU and is certified for use in
Russia. It is not toxic and is used in nano-dozes,
there is no its residual quantities in the products
and environment. Furolan has a positive effect on
physiological and biochemical processes,
improves the productivity of plants, their
resistance to unfavorable growing conditions by
increasing the resistance to dehydration as well as
to the risk of fungal diseases
Physical Sciences and Engineering
A determination system of the population health is a big complex hierarchical system. The current level of management of such systems involves the use of mathematical models and corresponding software tools for the accumulation of baseline data (monitoring), identification, prediction and decision-making. However, when modeling such large complex systems, we face a number of problems. The main problem is that in one model it is necessary to process a very large number of factors in a proper and comparable way, that are measured in different units, and different types of scales (numeric and text). Traditionally, to solve this problem and determine the values of individual criteria we use expert evaluation and desirability functions, and the integral criterion is the geometric mean. However, the traditional approach, currently applied in this field, has several disadvantages. First, in the traditional model it is defined in an expert way, which factors influence the decision of different problems in a positive way, which ones are negative and which ones do not affect. Second, for the numerical evaluation of influence factors on the solution of the problem we use different algorithms for calculating values of the desirability function for positively and negatively influencing factors which, when used as an integral criterion of the geometric average, leads to comparable results. Third, the use of normalized utility functions leads to the leveling force of the impact factors resulting in weak impact and the influencing factors are given the same variation in numeric values and have similar influence on integral criteria. All of the mentioned problems of the traditional approach have been resolved using Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its programmatic Toolkit – Universal cognitive analytical system called "Eidos". In the proposed systemic cognitive model, for the values of environmental and economic factors, without the participation of the experts, we have calculated the amount and the sign of the information contained there about some values of indicators of population health
In complex multiparameter technical systems there are
numerous and varied physical processes which, on the
one hand, have a significant impact on the
performance of those systems, and on the other hand, it
is extremely difficult amenable to description in the
form of meaningful analytical models based on
equations, because these models must take into
account the specific features of the systems. As a
consequence, the development of conceptual analytical
models is a "hand-made work" and it is associated with
a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce
their versatility and reliability. But there is also another
principle of modeling: the construction of
phenomenological information models, i.e. models that
do not have analytical forms of representation that
describes the simulated system superficially as a
"black box". Such models can be built directly based
on empirical data and with the appropriate software it
can be a standard technology much faster and much
less time consuming than developing meaningful
analytical models. On the other hand, the
phenomenological information model can be sufficient
to determine the rational design features and
parameters of the modes of operation of complex
technical systems. Besides, such phenomenological
models can be viewed as the first stage in the
development of meaningful analytical models. It is
proposed to use a new universal innovative method of
artificial intelligence for creating phenomenological
models of complex technical systems: automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its
programmatic Toolkit which is a universal cognitive
analytical system called "Eidos". In the system of
"Eidos" we have implemented a software interface that
provides direct input into the system large amounts of
empirical data from an Excel file. The system of
"Eidos" can directly (based on empirical
(experimental) data) calculate how much information about the results of the technical systems is contained
in the facts of possessing certain specific structural
elements and certain values of the parameters modes
of its work. On this basis, the system provides
research-based and appropriate recommendations for
the rational choice of design features and parameters
of the operation modes of the simulated system
It is well known that genetics studies the mechanisms of variation/heredity and widely uses the concept of "genetic information". While genetics considers the information as the content of the genetic code - structure of DNA and RNA included in the cell of a living organism. Genetics examines the mechanisms of recording, copying, readout of genetic information, the possibility of its modification and its influence on the characteristics and properties of the organism. In conversational and scientific language we know phrases, such as "Genes contain information about the characteristics/properties of the body." Paradoxically, we see no attempts to determine the amount of information contained in specific genes on specific characteristics or phenotypic properties of the organism. It would seem that the application of information theory in genetics is a completely natural and suggests itself. More strange that there are practically no works devoted to the application of information theory for solving problems of genetics. This article is intended, to some extent, to fill this gap on the example of calculating the amount of information in the genes of the characteristics or properties of different grape varieties. It examines the application of automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model – system of information theory and software tools – intellectual system called "Eidos" for solving one of the important tasks of genetics: determine the amount of information contained in the genes on various phenotypic characteristics/properties of the grapes. To solve this problem, we perform the following steps: 1) cognitive-targeted structuring of the subject area; 2) the formalization of the subject area, i.e. development of classification and descriptive dials and graduations and training samples; 3) synthesis and verification of information model, reflecting the amount of information in the genes on the phenotypic characteristics/properties (multiparameter typing); 4) displaying the information about the genetic determination system of phenotypic characteristics/properties (SWOT analysis of Fennovoima); 5) displaying the information about the strength and direction of influence of a specific gene on phenotypic characteristics/properties (SWOT-diagrams of genes); 6) the solution to the problem of system identification phenotypic characteristics/properties by the presence of certain genes; 7) quantification of the similarities-differences of the various phenotypic characteristics/properties, upon determination system genes. A specific phenotypic property (or characteristic) is regarded as a noisy genetic text, including genetic information about the true gene property (clean signal) and the noise that distorts this information due to the random effects of the environment. The software tool of the ask-analysis which is "Eidos" intellectual system provides the noise suppression and the selection of true signal
From a huge number of the organisms inhabiting our
planet, insects make 70%, being the most numerous of
the invertebrate animal classes numbering more than 2
million types. It is difficult to find such place where it
would be impossible to meet representatives of this
huge class. They completely took over the entire environment
- water, the land, air. For them, it is the common
characteristic: complex instincts, omnivorous,
high fecundity, and for some of them – a public way of
life. Insects can be found at tremendous heights, reaching
the level of 5000 meters, and they inhabit the desert
where it practically never rains, not to mention the
absence of any vegetation. Deep caves where no sunlight,
nor the conditions for food and existence of living
organisms — it is also the habitat of insects, they
can be found far beyond the Arctic circle, and even on
many Islands of Antarctica, where in addition to lifeless
rock, it would seem that there is nothing else.
Among insects, one of the largest and most numerous
families are the ground beetles (Carabidae). They subtly
respond to changes in soil and vegetation, hydrothermal
and micro-climatic conditions of the environment,
which makes them a convenient model subject
to various environmental and Zoological researches.
Ground beetles belong to a large number of genera and
species, often difficult to see, in this regard, we use
many different signs to diagnose. We have taken into
consideration the coloration, body shape, external
structure, surface structure, size, and arrangement of
the genitals and chaetotaxy. Due to the fact, that the
number of ground beetles is enormous, and, using their
appearance, it is very difficult to determine their generic
identity, there is a need of automation of the
identification process, due to which we require a special
mechanism that would increase the accuracy of
these insects. In the previous work of the authors (http://ej.kubagro.ru/2016/05/pdf/01.pdf) we considered
the further possibility of using the method of
ASC- analysis to classify insects, not only in species
but also in genera, orders, thereby increasing the reliability
of determination of ground beetles, which will
be done in this article. A numerical example is given.
We also have gained a successful experience of solving
such problems in other subject areas. This article
can be considered as a continuation of the series of
works dedicated to governmental use of the automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software
tools – the system of "Eidos"
The article presents research results of a corn harvester
device for corn cobs separation from the stalks,
constructed as a separate picker. Each picker unit
consists of three pairs of flat conveying belts arranged
in parallel to vertical planes, namely an upper pair of
conveying belts, the lower pair of conveying belts and
fixed to corn harvester sweep frame, kinematically is
not connected to other mechanisms and is provided
with electric power with the possibility of adjusting
the width of the aisle and the rapid replacement of the
failed module with a spare unit in the field repairs.
Picker module provides simultaneous rotation of corn
ear on its axis and motion relative to the stem that
reduces corn cobs defect and energy consumption for
separating cob from stalk. The method of calculation
of the basic design parameters of the picker module is
developed
The article presents results of design development and
calculation methodology for corn harvesters stalks
shearing mechanism constructed as a module with a
storage device. According to the number of
engagement rows, these modules are mounted on the
sweep frame of corn harvesters. All modules have the
ability to accumulate energy, the rotation of saws in
which at each time point does not depend on saws
rotation in other modules and they are not connected
with each other and with other mechanisms.
Constructive execution of corn stalks shearing
mechanism with accumulation device allows rapid
separation of each module from the frame of the corn
harvester in order to eliminate possible problems
(change of saw or the entire module assembly). The
methods of the energy storage calculation and electric
motor power selection for each module are presented
The article demonstrates a possibility of creation of a
corn harvester with a sweep frame mounted from
individual modules. Such corn harvesters include
modules for cutting stalks, snapping modules,
conveyor modules for turning, stacking and feeding
the stalks in the shredding unit, conveyor modules for
supplying corncobs to the cleaning device placed on
the sweep frame, leading and managing bridges,
power unit, as well as conveyor belt for cobs and
auger for discharging the crushed plant matter. The
technique for calculating the grinding module drive
was shown. The arrangement of the modules on the
corn harvester sweep frame was demonstrated. Corn
harvesting with the suggested module corn harvester
allows not only reducing combine metal consumption
and reducing corn ears injuring, but improving
maintainability as well
The aim of the work is theoretical and experimental
confirmation of the possibility of improving the rate
of acceleration of tractor units due to installing of
elastic-damping mechanism with variable stiffness in
tractor transmission. Speed tractors application in
agricultural production meets a number of difficulties
associated with the unsteady processes during
acceleration of machine and tractor units. The resulting
large inertial loads when accelerating result in
loss of engine power, due to which the machinetractor
unit is operating at reduced performance and
efficiency. An analysis of published studies shows
that the acceleration performance of tractor units is
greatly influenced by the stiffness and damping
properties of the transmission of energy resources.
To provide smooth acceleration of the unit it is proposed
to install elastic-damping mechanism with
variable stiffness in tractor transmission. As a result,
the tension of the acceleration process decreases. The
results of analytical and experimental studies on the
effect of elastic-damping mechanism installed in the
class 5 tractor transmission, on acceleration capabilities
of tractor units are given. The optimum parameters
of elements of elastic-damping mechanism with
variable stiffness for class 5 tractors are determined.
It is proved that the use of elastic-damping mechanism
with a variable stiffness in the tractor transmission
improves acceleration indicators
We have performed a mechanical activation of TiNi
powder; as a result, PN47T26TS27 powder after
mechanical activation is flat discs ranging in size
from 10 to 30 microns. We have developed a
composition technology "steel - material with shape
memory effect" by high-velocity oxygen-fuel
spraying of mechanically activated powder based on
TiNi. We have determined the optimal processing
parameters to ensure a nanostructured surface layer.
We have estimated the process parameters of highvelocity
oxygen-fuel spraying. The basic parameters
are: propane flow rate 60-85 l / min, that of oxygen
120-160 l / min, flow rate of powder and carrier gas
(argon), distance and angle of deposition, and
movement speed of the torch, the rotation speed of
the coated workpieces. We have carried out macroand
microanalysis of surface layers of Ti-Ni based
alloy, obtained on proven technology. We have
studied the effect of TiNi doping with a third
component Zr. The simulation allows us to predict
the possibility of using surface modification of
products with SME material TiNiZr under certain
conditions of temperature and to determine the
desired composition of the coating, which provides a
positive effect. We have made tests on steel 45 with
a surface-modified layer TiNiZr under dry friction
conditions, during which there is a significant
increase in temperature, we have confirmed the
effect of improving the wear resistance
The article contains a block diagram of the mechanical
activation process of multicomponent shape memory
materials, taking into account the variety of
influencing factors. We have proposed to evaluate the
reactivity of the sprayed material using the energy
criterion (energy intensity), determined by the
additivity concept as an energy amount of the raw
material and energy accumulated during mechanical
activation. Power consumption of the raw material
depends on the chemical and phase composition and is
determined based on the similarity between the
melting energy, plastic deformation and fracture on the
thermodynamic characteristics and diagrams of the
systems. The energy stored in the MA is determined
on the basis of X-ray structural analysis. We have
demonstrated that with increasing of grinding
precision there is growth in the number of active
centers, which enables nanostructurization of surface
layers in high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying (HVOF).
According to the study, we have developed practical
recommendations for effective implementation of
mechanical activation of the shape memory material
One of the traditional ways of reducing energy
consumption is the utilization of seasonal cold
accumulator which takes advantage of the
geographical location of a country that allows, during
the winter season, that is, November, December,
January, February, March accumulates cold as a result
of lower ambient temperature in these months.
Significant amount of electricity is reduced as well as
reduced operating refrigerant, which is harmful to the
environment. The article presents determination of the
size of cold storage with charging devices as chiller
and dry-cooler. The approximate costs of the device
operation as well as the time of assembly of these
components have been obtained. The design of a
seasonal cold accumulator is a system that brings a
number of economic and ecological advantages. The
seasonal tank design is a prototype of the chiller; it is
smaller than the actual tank that will be selected for the
highest hourly energy demand. This means that the
actual device should be several times larger than the
device that was used in the project. By selecting a
small chiller and fewer refrigerants (mainly
chlorofluorocarbons) called R- 410A, the environment
would be saved from contaminants which are
hazardous
Fruit harvesting is the final and decisive
operation in the general work plan for growing
fruit, which largely determines the qualitative
and quantitative indicators of production and
economy of industry in general. Increasing
productivity by improving the safety of fruits
and vegetables is a priority and not an easy task.
For example, the use of cleaning technologies
with the use of machinery for harvesting of
apples by shaking can significantly reduce the
time of gathering fruit compared to hand
harvesting. This technology may be applicable,
if the fruit is grown for the manufacture of
juices, jams, etc. Currently, in several European
countries and in the USA, they widely use fruit
harvesting platforms and machines. The leader
in the production of fruit harvesting platforms is
Italy. To reduce the damage to fruit in
agriculture, the analysis of the traumatic factors
is of great importance, with the analysis of
available machines and their subsequent
modernization with the aim of improving the
reliability and quality of harvesting and
transport process, taking into account of the
algorithm for solving these problems, the
creation of new varieties of fruits and
vegetables suitable for machine processing,
strict compliance with deadlines and agronomic
requirements for the performed technological
operations, taking into account the savings of
energy and resources when using mobile
technology. In addition to the modernization of
the machines for efficient operation, it is
necessary to improve also the scheme of
planting of gardens and methods of cultivation,
transfer horticulture to intensive way of
development
The article presents the comparative characteristics of
the current (diffusion) and developed (diffusion-press)
sucrose extraction technology from sugar beet
cossettes. We have presented the graphs of the
influence of raw juice pumping value on its cleanliness
and residual content of sucrose in partially desugared
beet cossetes, the influence of partially desugared beet
cossetes pressing power on residual content of sucrose
in the pressed pulp and losses of sucrose with pressed
pulp and also the technological scheme and regimes of
diffusion-press extraction of sucrose from sugar beet
cossettes. The criteria for determining the boundary
parameters of diffusion and press sucrose extraction
stages are identified. The comparative assessment of
technological and economic indicators of the existing
and the developed technologies of sucrose extraction
from the beet cossettes is shown. The developed
technology allows reducing raw juice pumping value
simultaneously increasing its purity, thereby providing
reduction of auxiliary materials and energy resources
consumption, as well as increasing sugar yield. The
technology of diffusion-press extraction of sucrose is
implemented on 2 sugar beet factories of the Russian
Federation. The economic effect from its
implementation is more than 45 mln. rubles
An integrated mathematical approach to modeling functional and structural parameters of a mobile technical service was observed in the article, and also, we reviewed their technical and economical work indicators. The authors propose evaluation criteria and the structural scheme of small sized units of technical service machines. For the attached unit option a combining service snap method is described and the service cost analysis in comparison with trailed analogues is made
The article presents data, on the basis of which we
have concluded that the oil and phospholipids
contained in soy lecithins, the degree of unsaturation
of fatty acids differ significantly from oil and
phospholipids contained in sunflower lecithins, with
differences in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids
of oil and phospholipids contained in sunflower and
soy lecithins, leads to differences in the content of
resonating protons, and, consequently, the level of
amplitude values of NMR signals of protons of the
investigated lecithins. It is established that the values
of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons of
each of the four components of sunflower lecithins
differ from the values of the amplitudes of the NMR
signals of protons the component of soy lecithins,
which confirms the differences in the composition and
content of fatty acids lecithins studied. Considering
quantitative characteristic of mass fraction of
substances insoluble in acetone, i.e. phospholipids, is
the sum of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of
protons of the third (A3) and fourth (A4) component,
was built the graphical dependence of the mass
fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, from the
value of (A3+A4)/ASIS, % which is described by the equation (correlation coefficient R2
=0,9911) of the
following form: y=0,8177x +2.52. Based on these
data, we have developed a rapid method of
determining the mass fraction of substances insoluble
in acetone, soy lecithin, eliminating the use of toxic
organic solvents, is environmentally safe, which is
protected by RF patent for the invention
The article gives a review and the experimental data on
the nutritional value of eggs protein comprising
protein, carbohydrates, minerals and amino acids.
Metabolism, the structure and function of each cell, as
well as external and internal protective functions are
defined by proteins. We consider the study of
functions of trace elements found in significant
numbers in the eggs, which contribute to health:
vitamin D, vitamin B12, choline, folic acid, selenium,
lutein and zeaxanthin. The high content of egg protein
contributes to greater satiety, weight loss and eye
health. We present experimental data on the amino
acid composition of the protein and experiments of
drying a cooked egg white, placed in a Petri dish.
After 10 minutes of drying, the weight of the protein
did not change and amounted to 0.1 g, which is 16% of
the weight of the original white protein. The photo
shows that the protein is lost during drying white and
became transparent, and protein grains look like
"melted" and partially connected with each other. The
data obtained can be used for understanding the
operation of the biological process of protein in vivo
The article presents the results of the study of the ratio of the water fractions, which differ on binding energy with the biomaterial in the composition of poultry products having various fabric and polymeric structure. The authors used the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The objects for the research were experimental and industrial samples of poultry products. We prepared the experimental samples by wet thermal treatment of broilers heads and feet at the pressure of 0.24 MPa. The objects for comparison were the products of industrial production of poultry meat: the paste of chicken meat with multicomponent composition (minced chicken, pork fat, water, pork liver, onions, wheat flour, soy protein, emulsifying, the taste and flavor food additives, color correction supplements); natural canned meat "Chicken in the own juice" (GOST 28589-90). The analysis showed that the investigated samples (broiles heads, broilers feet, multicomponent paste) were characterized by the similar values of the mass ratio of the water fractions at three stages of dehydration, the relevant sections of the curves based on the degree of conversion of the substance α from the heating temperature in logarithmic coordinates. The results can be use in the development of formulations of food modules for the production of emulsified meat products from raw materials, subjected to preliminary heat treatment. We expect that the positive effect will be to increase the degree of utilization of secondary raw materials in the processing of poultry in primary production, expanding the range of foods enriched composition due to the natural raw material sources, improving sustainability of raw material base of processing companies
For comparative evaluation of aroma-forming substances of primary and secondary products of slaughter broilers, we used the multi-channel gas analyzer "MAG-8" and the methodology "an electronic nose". The objects of study served as the heads and feet of chickens-broilers of cross "ROSS-308", subjected to hydrothermal treatment for the destruction of native tissue structure at 0,24 MPa. As a control sample when assessing the composition of the equilibrium gas phase above the heads and feet of broiler chickens used poultry, meat, broiler chickens, obtained by cutting of carcasses, with the natural ratio of bone and muscle tissue. The identification of volatile components of the equilibrium gas phase above the samples was carried out according to the following classes of organic com-pounds in accordance with the numbers of sensors in the matrix: 1 – hydrophilic compounds, water; 2 – alcohols, ketones; 3 – acid, water, light alcohols; 4 – ester; 5 – sulfur-containing compounds, esters; 6 – phenol, and other aromatic compounds; 7 – alcohols, nitrogen compounds, water; 8 – acid. The analysis shows that control and experimental samples do not have significant differences in the aromatic-skim com-pounds, ketones and sulfur-containing compounds. The comparison group of "control – leg" also has no significant differences according to the groups of compounds: ketones, alcohols, esters; nitrogen-containing compounds. The largest differences recorded for the sample "legs broiler chickens", and the moisture content and nitro-gen-containing compounds, this sample is superior and head, and the main raw mate-rial in the processing of broiler chickens. The results show that heads of broiler chickens, thermo-processed under pressure can be used to realize emulsified protein-fat products of the type Pasternak masses corresponding to the traditional products of poultry meat for sensormatics the aroma profile without the use of food additives. For the formation of the corresponding standard of the flavor of food products using the legs of broiler chickens or their products it is necessary to correct the smell using the appropriate complementary ingredients
We have performed an experimental study of the
evaporation process at a temperature of 105 ° C for the
egg white model solution in distilled water to evaluate
the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient from air to
water ratio mass transfer to the water surface into the
air by evaporation from the free surface in a forced
convection. Evaporation of the solution was carried
out in a Memmert oven of class Basic (Germany)
equipped with forced air circulation, the control panel
with a display and a temperature control device. To
determine the surface temperature at which the main
evaporation of water from the process solution, the
experiment conducted under the same conditions by
measuring the average temperature of the layer of
water sample, placed in a Petri dish in an oven with a
sensor - DMM Mastech M838 series. It is found that
the coefficient of heat transfer from air to water almost
a thousand times greater than the coefficient mass
transfer from the water surface into the air
The article presents data characterizing the
composition of macro and micronutrients from
secondary resources of pumpkin processing – pumpkin
pomace. We have found that extracts of pumpkin are
valuable raw materials for the production of food
additives, as they contain proteins, dietary fiber,
including pectin and protopectin, minerals, as well as
such biologically active substances as vitamin C, β-
carotene and P-active substances using nuclear
magnetic relaxation, it is shown that pretreatment of
pomace pumpkin in the microwave electromagnetic
field of certain parameters before IR drying allows to
transfer part of the bound moisture free moisture, that
allows to intensify the subsequent process IR drying.
We have developed an innovative technology of
production of food supplements from pumpkin
extracts, which is protected by Russian patent for the
invention and having the “know-how” status. The
article presents data describing the organoleptic and
physical and chemical indicators of quality nutritional
supplements, formulated according to the developed
technological regimes
Healthy nutrition is the foundation of the nation and
the most important factor affecting the length of
human life. Therefore, the search and the use of new
sources of food are important. One of such source is
the ancient culture of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa),
known as a "qinoa", "quinva" or "rice quinoa. The
uniqueness of the quinoa is its chemical composition,
the absence of anti-nutritional substances and
unpretentious in growing and harvesting. Currently
quinoa is grown in more than 70 countries. In Russia,
quinoa is not cultivated, although the presence of
different agro-ecological zones of the plains to the
highlands allows it to grow. In April 2014 quinoa was
first planted in the Krasnodar region. In September,
quinoa whisk acquired red and yellow. The seeds
have a size of between 1 and 2.5 mm. Preliminary
calculations yield was approximately
39hundredweight / hectare, which is the basis for the
introduction of quinoa in a mass planting. Thus,
quinoa can be grown in Russia in the Krasnodar
region, thereby ensuring its own raw material base for
development of new specialized foods (gluten-free)
and prophylactic (high nutritional value) destination
The article analyzes technologies and production
methods of food and biologically active additives from
secondary plant resources developed in Russia and
abroad. We have studied a classification of secondary
resources resulting from the processing of vegetable raw
materials. It is found, that the most interesting (in terms
of macro and micronutrients) are secondary resources
resulting from the processing of fruit, vegetables and
grapes, in the manufacturing process of vegetable oil,
flour and cereals industry. It is concluded that, despite a
significant number of currently developed and
implemented technologies, the development of relevant
ones provides complex processing of vegetable raw
materials, with the release of a wide range of food and
dietary supplements, resulting in a number of
physiologically and technologically functional
properties
Expanding the range of flour confectionery products
for people suffering from intolerance to wheat protein
is relevant in the circumstances of import substitution.
The domestic market of gluten-free confectionery
products fully meets the demand of this category of
people, which are dominated by sweet tooth children,
requiring constant variety of confectionery. Therefore,
the purpose of the work, which consists in expanding
the range of pastry products based on buckwheat and
quinoa, is relevant. The study presents a shortbread
recipe based on buckwheat flour with different
dosages of quinoa, a block diagram of the production
and evaluation of the quality of the finished
confectionery. Sensory evaluation of quality was
carried out by a tasting analysis by a special system of
scores: quantified indicators of quality - color, taste,
smell, surface, shape and form in a break - is
presented in the form of balls, followed by
mathematical processing. We have defined physical
and chemical indicators of quality biscuits, including
moisture, alkalinity, absorption, fat and sugar content.
Based on the assessment of quality of gluten-free
shortbread we have set the optimal ratio of buckwheat
flour and quinoa is equal to 70:30. The developed
formulation will expand the range of gluten-free flour
confectionery and can be adapted to the process and the equipment installed on the existing confectionery
businesses
Nowadays, in Russia there is a problem of utilization
of vehicles. The article has studied the various works
proposed in the concept of creating "horizontal" system
recycling vehicles. We have offered a different,
"vertical" system concept, consisting of three subsystems,
which together form a single waste management
system
The article presents the research results on parameters optimization of technological line for loading tobacco leaves into containers. The aim of the research was decreasing labor expenses on preparing tobacco for artificial curing. This was achieved by line modernization utilized for loading tobacco leaves into containers. We have also developed working parts of technological line for automatic loading of tobacco leaves into containers. Researches on weight studying of tobacco leaves of 3 sorts zoned in the Krasnodar region have been carried out. Dispersion analysis has not revealed weight differences between sorts, therefore, further researches can be carried for one sort. Optimization of working part for loading tobacco leaves into containers was carried by analysis of regression equation obtained by bifactorial experiment. Irregularity of leaf position was taken as optimization criterion. It has been discovered that optimal regimes: transporter belt speed v=2,8m/s, number of transporter’s double movements n=19 min-1 can be used for uniform container loading by leaves. Researches on studying line capacity on leaves position irregularity revealed that maximal uniformity obtained when line capacity is 260 kg/h
Getting the maximum number of day-old chicks
largely depends on the disinfection of hatching eggs.
Disinfection of eggs is important in the complex of
veterinary-sanitation activities carried out in poultry
farms for the prevention and elimination of infectious
disease in birds. The perspective of using ozone in the
poultry industry is possible due to its advantages
characterized in comparison with other chemicals. It
was found that ozone has the special ability to retard
the growth of fungi in the biological substrates, also
slows the appearance of mold on the surface of the
eggshell even at 90 % relative humidity. When making
parameters and modes of electro-ozonation process of
egg store poultry farms there were carried out
experimental studies. After ozone disinfection of
hatching eggs, total bacterial contamination of shell
eggs decreased by 99.89 %. The relative error of the
experimental values of the theoretical amount was 7
%. As a result of production tests we set quality
parameters developed by the process of electroozonation
egg store poultry farms: regulation time is 8
minutes, dynamic error is 0.9, overshoot rate is 4.5%,
generalized integral RMS figure is 10.6 % . The
findings suggest that there is a qualitative regulation of
the distribution of ozone in the egg store
The article presents the results of development and
study of antimycotic gel, containing herbal
composition of the medicinal plants extracts. The
drug's high fungicidal activity and thixotropic
properties are shown
This article gives estimation of drying (liquidation)
ponds with subsequent selection of the most optimal
variant. For example, ponds № 1, 2 have the
calculations for the four drainage options: bottom
outlet, using a mobile diesel pumping stations,
through the siphon outlet, as well as the combined
option of draining (via a bottom outlet and mobile
pumping stations). The results of the calculation for
each of the cases were examined; the article
summarizes the estimated parameters, which allow to
visualize and choose the most optimal variant of
drying, depending on the time of evacuation
Russia begins to work on the formation and
implementation of recycling systems for
decommissioned equipment of various kinds. The
article analyzes the shortcomings and possibilities of
creation of such a system in Russia; it gives
recommendations to address some of the issues of the
problem
Here we present a brief survey of the occurrence of
noise in agricultural production while using
agricultural machinery and machines with possibility
of application of the newest technologies including
informational ones. It is well known, that noise is a
constant component of all agricultural enterprises and
it often indicates the operational condition of
equipment and technical culture of enterprises. This is
true about both stationary production, such as
elevators, grinding plants, feed mills, corn processing
plants, and tractors and harvesters. It is natural that
above-mentioned mechanisms produce purposeful
transformation of the movement. At the same time,
any mechanism consists of separate parts that are
flexibly joined with each other. In addition, it is due to
this fact that the noise occurs. Thus, we should note
that due to their design features and complexity of
technology itself harvesters a priori are machines that
create and produce noise. Noise reduction in
machines and equipment is accompanied by increase
of labor productivity. Thus, noise protection is an
important issue. To reduce the noise a set of measures
is applied but not all of them are efficient for selfpropelled
machines, including harvesters. Besides,
noise is one of the most important indicators of
equipment quality, and in some cases, it can be the
indicator of the technical level of a machine because it
objectively displays inaccuracies in the manufacture
of almost all parts. Therefore, noise control is an
important problem that has social and economic value
Nowadays the method of finite elements (MFE) is a
standard method of acoustic analysis. It consists in
finding the solution of the function on the maximum
allowable quantity of piecewise continuous functions
that are determined in allowed number of subdomains.
The number of sub-domains has a finite
value but an unknown continuous value is
approximated by the polynomial on each element that
acquires specific values in the nodes. Polynomials can
be various but all of them produce continuity of total
value along its limits. Herewith because of technical
features of the calculation process minimization of
numbers of polynomials is required according to the
criterion of acceptable precision. In the chosen
COMSOL Multiphysics program model the range of
frequencies under analysis is the result of the sum of
10 segments (sub-ranges). Such a sub-range is a
minimal discrete value in certain conditions of
calculation. Thus, the calculated value on this subrange
can be considered as the result of calculation by
means of using the band-pass filter with 35 Hz
bandwidth. Because of this, we can draw a conclusion
about changing the state change of the noise exposure
on the combine operator with respect to the previous
measurement according to the regulatory
methodology. Hereinafter if the stated change of the
noise exposure is found, measurements that are more
precise are taken. On the basis of these measurements
the head of the company receives recommendations
either on verification of stated acoustic characteristics
of devices and mechanisms of a harvester or on
verification of acoustic ways of transmission of
structural noise (noise created by devices that
penetrates into the booth through the combine body),
or on verification of noise isolation of the booth
The article shows the necessity to consider the inter-control result to forecast the automobile state and present it as a random value. It is pointed out, that the character of the automobile element parameter change is determined by the determined function and the criteria of this or that function choice. It is stated, that the variation coefficient serves as a criteria of approximation. Besides, the element resource variation coefficient is obviously more informative as it results calculations at the whole range of parameter change with consideration of this change character when the coefficient of the parameter change variation can reflect the approximation degree only on one or several sections. It is underlined that in a case of the parameter change functions approximation it is necessary to consider the automobile details break-in when one can see the short and sharp increase of the parameter change. Moreover, we have made a conclusion that the forecast error and intensity depend finally on the choice of the approximating function. The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught all the efforts to direct the safety margin and other parameters of the automobile elements. We have found out that the power function of thee parameter change is quite unique. This function coefficients having distinct physical sense are few. This shows the convenience of the wide use of the degree function for practical forecast. The approximation error of parameter change might be influenced (along with a selection of the function) by the accuracy of determining its coefficients. Finally, we have made a conclusion that it is very desirable after choosing and finding the coefficients of any approximating equation to convert it into one definite function and develop the forecast apparatus, tables, nomograms and so on for it. This is the only way of using the wide class of approximating equations when having relatively small math and other provision of the forecast
Energy complex of the country is a collection of
electrical installations high and low voltage, producing,
transforming, transporting, distributing and consuming
electricity. A huge web of networks and more than 700
generating plants with a total capacity of about 230 GW
[1]. Almost 90% of this potential is formed in a unified
technical complex of the Unified energy system (UES)
[2]. Now there is a deterioration of the performance of
the sector. In comparison with 90-mi years of XX
century, more than 1.5 times increased power losses in
the power grids. Significantly increased the proportion
of obsolete electrical and auxiliary equipment, and the
load on the network every day only increase. All speaks
of the necessity of both local and global modernization
of the electric power complex of the country and the
creation of a new concept of consumption management
and energy distribution in the network. In the
framework of the energy strategy of the Government of
the Russian Federation dated 13 November 2009 #
1715-R, to improve handling and ensure reliable
operation of electric power systems, wider introduction
of flexible transmission system (FACTS devices) and
improvement of systems of automatic emergency
protection and dispatching control [1]. The development
of electric power complex of the country should be in
the way of intelligent networks. This is possible through
the use of modern components that can make the
process of managing "intelligent". In foreign literature,
this term is called the Smart Grid
Sanitization of eggs is an essential way to fight bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. Hatchability of eggs and the safety of day-old chicks are dependent on the quality of eggs processing. Leading scientists of our country have proved high efficacy of ozone application for processing of hatching eggs. To obtain a positive result by this method of sanitizing hatching eggs ozone, it is necessary to create a uniform concentration of ozone around the egg store volume. Decrease in ozone concentration from the set point may result in insufficient exposure to pathogens and because of this, may reduce hatchability. Significant excess of ozone concentration from the set point can kill the embryo. Because of mathematical modeling of electro eggs ozone treatment process, there was a mathematical model of the process of electroozonation of egg stores of poultry farms. This model takes into account decomposition of ozone on the surface of eggs and decomposition of ozone on the walls of an egg store. This mathematical model proves the desired control action at different initial data, such as: the required concentration of ozone in the egg store, the number of eggs, egg store geometric dimensions, the fan power, the design parameters of the discharge unit, the location of the ozone generator in the room
Nigeria has the largest oil sands and bitumen resources
in Africa and is one of the main leading countries in the
world from the point of view of its significant potential
heavy oil deposits. Research of geological and physicochemical
properties confirmed that the Nigerian bitumen
is an important energy source and an alternative source
of hydrocarbon feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
Nigeria imports black oil for the petrochemical industry
and its heavy oil can act in place of this black oil. In
addition, researchers have successfully established the
possibility of producing electrical energy from this
heavy oil. Tar sands and bitumen are able to help
improve the economy of Nigeria
In the article, we present the mathematical model of a
ventilation system with variable air flow along the
vertical axis of the reactor in the composting process. We
have solved the problem of the choice of the method of
supplying air to the bioreactor, reducing the temperature
of the substrate along the axis of the bioreactor. The
proposed method provides a reduction of temperature
and moisture content of the gas phase, which leads to a
change in the dynamics of the composting process. This
article was prepared in the framework of the scientific
project 16-48-230441 a(R) "Mathematical modeling of
the processes occurring in the automated installation for
year-round production of organic fertilizers in the
conditions of the Krasnodar region", financed by RFBR
and administration of the Krasnodar region
At the present time, due to the high demands on the
stability of the networks and information security, the
actual problem is the choice in the market of software
and hardware products, the protection of information
assets from a number of different threats that arise in
the corporate network. Despite the fact that the market
for hardware and software products offers a lot of
information security, it is difficult to leaders and
experts to find out how they differ from each other,
and what principles should guide their choice. In the
article, for solving the problem of the choice of
remedies, their purchase and installation on
workstations and enterprise network servers, it is
proposed to use a comprehensive methodology, based
on the methods of the game theory and the analysis of
hierarchies
The article has a research character which is expressed through the analysis of ways and means of mechanization for harvesting of solanaceous vegetables, and also endurance from works of scientists on the studied subject. Vegetable growing is an important branch of agricultural production. From a set of vegetable plants the increasing significance is attached to cultures which production contains physiologically active agents. Solanaceous vegetables belong to these cultures. In Russia, vegetables on an industrial basis are cultivated in the south of the country. Everywhere in Russia crops of vegetables are reduced. It is explained by high costs of production, especially on harvesting that at the general deficiency of manual skills leads to reduction of the areas, violation of technology of cultivation and harvesting and, respectively, to decrease in productivity. In conditions import substitution of foreign agricultural production and increase in the areas of landing of vegetable cultures in the Russian Federation for creation of a safety cushion food in the conditions of food embargo, undoubtedly, will be required the maximum mechanization of technological process of cleaning of vegetables. The most important results of types of designs of machines for vegetables and, problems of use of modern machines for cleaning of vegetable cultures are given. Our own design for harvesting solanaceous vegetables is offered
The article has a research character which is expressed through the analysis of ways and means of mechanization for harvesting of cucumbers, and also through the works of scientists on the studied subject. Vegetable growing is an important branch of agricultural production. Among a set of vegetable plants the increasing significance is attached to cultures production of which contains physiologically active agents. Solanaceous vegetables belong to these cultures. In Russia, vegetables on an industrial basis are cultivated in the south of the country. Everywhere in Russia crops of vegetables are reduced. It is explained by high costs of production, especially on harvest that at the general deficiency of manual skills leads to reduction of the areas, violation of technology of cultivation and harvest and, respectively, to decrease in productivity. In the conditions of import substitution of foreign agricultural production and increase in the areas of landing of vegetable cultures in the Russian Federation for creation of a safety cushion of food in the conditions of food embargo, undoubtedly, there will be required the maximum mechanization of technological process of harvesting of vegetables. The article presents the most important results of new types of designs of machines for harvesting of vegetables and cucumbers in particular, as well as problems of use of modern machines for cleaning cucumbers and vegetable cultures
Life Sciences
In order to reduce the impact of stress factors on the
body of pigs, new technologies and efficient
veterinary and preventive measures in breeding and
cultivation are being developed. The results of our
scientific and economic experiments found that the use
in daily diets of pregnant and lactating sows according
to our schemes of biological additives (to finish /
day.): Laktobifid (1 g), Immunobak (1 g), Provagen
(10 g ) Vetom 1.1 (50 mg / kg body weight), Bacell
(0.3% by weight of the feed) and Monosporin (10
mL), contributes to the improvement of their
reproductive qualities: for twins - on 2,2-12,2% by
krupnoplodnosti - by 8,0-10,7%, for milk - by 8,9-
36,5%, at the preservation of pigs - by 1,3-8,3%, by
weight of the nest 2 months of age - 22 , 9-38,9%
compared with the control. At weaning piglets from
sows experimental groups indicators of natural
resistance were significantly higher. The best
reproductive performance were observed in sows
treated with diet and probiotic supplements
Immunobak Bacell combined with Monosporin . The
results of these experiments revealed adaptogenic
properties of the studied additives, their ability to
mitigate the impacts of technological stresses,
reducing as a result of the cost of the products. Of
great practical importance is the ability to predict the
effectiveness of the use of additives which have antistress
effect, depending on the body weight of
animals, their age, frequency and duration of their
application before and after the impact of
technological stressors in the suckling period, the
periods of rearing and fattening up of live weight and
100 и 120 kg
We have performed an analysis of the current state of
rice seed production in the Krasnodar region. It is
shown that over the last 10 years in Kuban a full
variety changing took place, which was caused by
State support of rice seed production on the federal
and the regional levels. Agricultural producers of the
Krasnodar region have completely stopped cultivation
of medium-ripening rice of Liman variety, increasing
acreage of new varieties such as Victoriya, Sonet,
Diamant, etc. which allowed to increase crop yield
from 47,1 centner/ha in 2006 to 63,0 centners/ha in
2015 and to improve the quality of commercial grain,
decreasing the content of red-grain forms average in
the Krasnodar region from 20,5% in 2006 to 1,8% in
2015. Legal basis of realization of state agrarian
policy in the field of seed production of agricultural
crops, including rice is reviewed, recent changes in
the legislation of the Krasnodar region concerning
seed production of agricultural crops are shown, as it
was reflected in the Law of the Krasnodar region №
3062-KZ dated 28.11.2014 "On the regulation of
certain relations in the field of seed production in the
Krasnodar region". Areas contributing to the
development of the rice seed production in the Kuban
region are identified for further conducting of variety
changing, introducing new high-yielding varieties into
production as well as varieties of special purpose for
import substitution
The article presents a study of acclimatization characteristics and the effectiveness in the use of Holstein black-and-white cattle imported from Germany, Denmark and the USA under the conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Area of Russia. The analysis shows that the imported animals are exposed to a number of stress factors that often cause the diseases and serious losses of cattle. The main reasons for the losses of heifers were the pathologies of the reproductive organs and the mammary gland (26,3%), locomotor system and distal extremities (15%), respiratory organs (21,2%), etc. The highest-producing dairy cows were those imported from the USA (9158 kg of milk throughout the first lactation). For the yield of milk, they are superior to animals imported from Germany in 1828 kg (P≥0,999) and those imported from Denmark in 1184 kg (P≥0,999). The average American Holsteins’ milk over a 305-day lactation is higher in fat (4,14%) than that of their German (in 0,28%) and Danish (in 0,21%) counterparts (P≥0,999). The same tendency is observed in the protein content in the milk
To study the effect of pumpkin flour on the
physical and chemical parameters of semi-finished
and finished products, 10, 15, 20 % of the weight
of wheat flour in the dough was incorporated to the
dough mass. As a result of the research and the
analysis of wafers with different PF dosages, the
dosage of 15 % pumpkin seed flour from the wheat
flour mass in the dough was accepted as the
optimum one. After selecting the optimum dosage,
the experiment on identifying the dependence of
dough viscosity on the shear rate was carried out.
The samples were taken without adding PF into
dough and with adding PF for 15% from the
weight of the flour in the dough. The results
showed that the viscosity of the control dough
sample was higher than that with 15% of flour
from pumpkin seeds. This is due to the general
decrease of the amount of swellable proteins in the
dough due to the incorporation of PF. Thus, we can
conclude that the introduction of the investigated
additive into the wafer dough does not obstruct
dosing the semifinished product into the wafer
moulds. The analysis of the obtained data as a
result of the research work has shown that
incorporating pumpkin seeds flour into the recipe
of wafers is expedient both in terms of enriching
the product with proteins, fats and biologically
active substances and in terms of improving the
process in the production
Nicotiana tabacum and rustica are facultative self-pollinated plants, therefore, because of pollination peculiarities, specific methods are applicable to growing seeds of this plants. Researches on mass, individual and family, recurrent methods of seeds selection for productivity and sowing properties are carried in the institute for revealing most efficient methods of getting seeds. Seeds growing system for Nicotiana tabacum and rustica is a part of general seeds growing system for all agricultural plants and consists of breeding, testing new sorts, mass reproduction of seeds with retained biological and productivity properties, seeds harvesting and controlling their sort and sowing properties. Primary growing of nicotiana tabacum and rustica seeds is carried by individual and family or recurrent selection and further testing of chosen plants, distinctive for this sort, on economically valuable and biological properties. Peculiarities of each zoned sort are kept by retaining its primary genome with constant selection of highly productive genotypes, specific for this sort. Well-organized seed growing system leads to sort potential revealing. Biotype composition of sort is obviously changing in a few years, so primary seeds growing system should be constantly improved
Peach fruit is much demanded worldwide. The
success of its cultivation depends on the optimal
plant placement of all the huge biodiversity
considering the cultivar demands. The northern
boundary of the peach cultivation passes through the
Kiev-Kharkov-Rostov-on-Don, Maikop, Nalchik,
Grozny, Astrakhan (Witkowski, 2003). However,
because of extreme temperatures there are almost no
suitable areas for Peach crop cultivation in these
borderlands, in the Krasnodar and the Stavropol
regions. From the other hand, extreme temperatures
for peach cultivation in the humid Russian subtropics
were not observed. Spring frosts till -5 ° C were
observed in 2004, 2014. However, the cultivar
productivity in the region influenced by the duration
of low temperatures (7,2 ° C and below) that were
observed from December to March. The amount of
low temperatures for each cultivar was established
using the highest coefficient of yield determination,
depending on the temperature, amount of
precipitation and the "cooling unit." The yield of
peach cultivars is closely linked with the abovementioned
agro-climatic conditions during the
flowering period. Paired correlation coefficients of
yield with precipitation and with temperatures (for
most cultivars) were negative, and since they are
unregulated value, the flowering phase is crucial for
peach culture in the Russian subtropics
The article describes the efficiency of a feed additive
called "Tetra+" during chronic mycotoxicoses of pigs.
The purpose of carrying out series of experiments on
sows was to determine the therapeutic and
prophylactic effectiveness of innovative feed additive
"Tetra+" during combined chronic mycotoxicosis in
pigs and to study the influence of feed additive on the
growth, weight, preservation and overall resistance of
sows. The results of the experiments revealed that a
feed additive "Tetra+" has had a positive impact on
large-fruited of pigs; it can also be concluded that the
feed additive "Tetra+" has a positive effect on the
metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and has
antitoxic properties
Ragweed plant became quarantine malware on the
territory of Southern Russia. In the Krasnodar region it
has been extended to the territory of more than 4.62
million hectares. In the areas of its growth, it causes
great damage to agriculture. By developing a strong
root system and aboveground, it inhibits the row crops,
especially sunflower. Another problem with this weed
is producing large amounts of pollen that causes
allergic reactions in the majority of residents of the
province. This article discusses the importance of
using modern methods of ragweed oppression,
including chemical and biological methods in
sunflower crops
In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, we consider
the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seeds
obtained when using different schemes of organization
of hybrid seed production of squash in the Krasnodar
region. As a result of studying various techniques in the
production of hybrid seed of summer squash, we have
established the effectiveness of using open pollination,
and assessed the approbation of the signs of F1 hybrid
plants obtained under different schemes of organization
of hybrid seed production of squash
The article presents results of the evaluation of the
physiological aspects of growth and fruiting of peach
on clonal rootstock VVA-1, depending on the layout
of the trees. It was found that when forming a spindleshaped
crown, the most productive planting scheme is
5,0х1,5 m, at which the most optimized physiological
processes were proved
Using of seedling method for growing early potatoes
accelerates the starting processes of growth and
development of plants, and the application of
temporary covers of the nonwoven covering materials
protects the landing from sudden temperature changes
and relapsing frost. To receive seedlings of early
potatoes we used standard seed tubers of 60-80 g
weigh of the following varieties: Agata, Red Scarlett,
Kislovodskiy, Vershininskiy and Sheri. By the time of
planting in the ground, depending on the varieties, the
height of seedling was from 13 to 26 cm, the number
of leaves - 7-10 pieces. Conducting of trial unearthing
of potato showed that on 45 days after transplanting
into the ground (the second decade of May), it is
possible to receive up to 10, 5-11, 4 t/ha (Agata and
Red Scarlett varieties). On 55 days (the third decade of
May), the yield reached 26, 4 t/ha of standard tubers,
and in the first decade of June the yield was from 26, 4
to 50, 6 t/ha. The maximum yield of standard tubers of
50, 6 t/ha was obtained by lifting on 65 days with the
Red Scarlett variety. In the terms of the Astrakhan
region the growing of early potato by seedling method
with using of temporary cover allows to receive the
ultra-early harvest of marketable tubers in the II-III
decade of May
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect
of fatty acid concentrate (FAC), as a new source of
energy and carnitine on performance, physiological
condition and meat quality of broiler chickens. In
experiment there were four groups of 80 chickens of
cross Hubbard each (males: females=40:40) in age
period 0-41 days. 1 group (control) received in during
the periods 0-14, 15-28 and 29-41days, sunflower oil
(SO) respectively 5.34%, 5.50%, and 6.10%, group 2
received the same amounts of FAC instead SO, 3
group - mixture SO:FAC (50:50), 4 group -FAC +
0,25% carnitine. Final body weight: 1 group =
2574±29 g, 2 group FAC= 2553±27 g 3 group SO +
FAC = 2531±34 g., 4 group FAC+0,25 carnitine =
2520±34 g. Feed conversion, digestibility of
nutrients, blood hematology and biochemistry, the
condition of organs, meat quality and cutting of
carcass of chickens on FAC had no any differences
from the same signs in chicks on SO. Carnitine had a
positive effect on chicken growth only in the period
0-14 and less 15-28 days; in the period 29-41 days
daily gain was below, than that in 1-3 groups.
Canitine reduced the content of liver fat. Outcome:
FAC is a satisfactory source of energy, comparable
with vegetable oils. The price of FAC is 30% lower
in comparison with sunflower oil and soybean oils, therefore its use in broiler poultry farming instead of
vegetable oils will be of great economic importance
The purpose of the research is to compare the effect
of a new symbiotic feed supplement created based
on propionic and lactic acid bacteria with a widely
used domestic and foreign enzyme-probiotic
preparations in chickens 0-28 days of age of the
Lohmann Brown egg cross. In the experiment, there
were six groups of chickens: group 1 received basal
diet (BD); group 2 – BD + symbiotic preparation;
group 3 – BD + Bacell; group 4 – BD + Agrocell;
group 5 – BD + Agroksil; group 6 – BD + Ollzaym
Vegpro. Average daily gain, food conversion rate
per 1g of weight gain, digestibility of organic matter,
crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, made up
respectively: group 1 – 8.17, 1.91, 71.4, 58.3, 68.0,
81.1; group 2 ˗ 8.36, 1.90, 72.4, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1;
group 3 – 8.13, 1.91, 73.1, 60.2, 69.7, 88.1; group 4
– 8.33, 1.86, 74.2, 62.5, 72.2, 87.6; group 5 – 8.50,
1.83, 77.3, 64.1, 73.4, 95.4; group 6 – 7.91, 1.92,
73.2, 67.5, 70.7, 94.3. The growth rate of chickens
fed with symbiotic feed supplement was 2.3%
higher than in the control and they showed the
highest fiber digestibility. The chickens on diet with
Agroksil enzyme efficiently raised growth rate
(+4%) and reduced feed costs (-4.2%). Agrocell
increased weight gain by 2% and reduce feed costs
by 2.6%. The growth rate of chickens fed Ollazaym
Vegpro was the lowest (96.8% of control), despite
the fact that it increased significantly the
digestibility of crude protein, but slightly improved
the digestibility of other nutrients. Outcome:
symbiotic feed supplement may be of interest as a
means of increasing the productivity of chickens
The article presents the data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of wintering buds of the group of technical grape varieties with white berries - White Muscat; Pinot White, Chardonnay, Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha; Riesling, Viorica, Riton, Crystal in the conditions of Anapa-Taman zone. There were revealed the rates of embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of buds of studied cultivars and fruiting indices of vegetative shoots developed from them. In all studied grape varieties there was revealed a high percentage of fruitful buds from 84,1 in the variety of Riton at 97.2 at Viorica; and the percentage of fertile vegetative shoots from 81,8 at the variety Citron Magaracha to 97.2 in the variety White Muscat. At the leveled load of bushes, vegetative shoots and the same scheme of planting of bushes (3 x 2 m), the highest yield in terms per hectare showed the varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica, Riton, Crystal, Riesling and Citron Magarach. When assessing the economic efficiency the highest net income and level of profitability were identified in the varieties of Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica and Riton. In order to determine which buds will give us shoots with large, well-developed (well-differentiated) buds, and which will not give (weakly differentiated), it is necessary "to look inside a bud". But even already formed germs of inflorescences in the bud are able in a few days in spring or dedifferentiate or degrade depending on the influence of external conditions. Scientists have learned to use this ability to increase the maximum possible yield in years of severe damage of grape by frosts. Firstly, in frosty winters the central buds wither out. The replacing buds usually have poor fruiting and bad productivity during years. In such cases, it is more profitable to conduct a small cutting of angle buds arranged in a circle at the base of a shoot. At the beginning of the second vegetation phase, these buds will obtain the great bulk plastic substances, which will cause the dedifferentiation of rudiments of inflorescences in them. Thus, it is possible not only to restore rapidly the normal shape of a bush, but to obtain a good harvest this year
The modern cattle breeding in Russia is
characterized by dynamic development, development
of intensive technologies, increase in production, but
at the same time, there are problems of increase in
production of milk due to increase of dairy efficiency
of cows at the most effective manifestation of the
available level of their genetic potential. For the
solution of this problem, i.e. for genetic
improvement of dairy cattle, creation of new breeds,
intra pedigree or zone types, more than 100 thousand
of bulls with high genetics, and also 430 thousand
heifers were delivered to Russia for the last 10 years.
In this regard, the purpose of our researches was to
study the level of genetic potential of dairy cows in
breeding farms of "Nasha Rodina" of Gulkevichsky
region, Vasyurinsky milk farm of Dinsky region, the
Firm «Agrocomplex» of Vyselkovskiy region
(Gazyrskoye enterprise), "Urozhay" of Kanevskoy
region from 2000 to 2014, by using bulls of
Golshtinsky breed. Researches have shown that in
farms of the Krasnodar region producers with the
high level of potential from 10791,0 kg to 12045 kg
on milk were yield used on a breeding uterine
livestock; from 4,22 to 4,40% of fat; from 3,32 to
3,49% of protein in milk. As a result the level of
potential of daughters of bulls and cows in herds of
farms was from 7774 to 9144 kg of milk; from 3,89
to 4,05% of fat; from 3,26 to 3,67% of protein in
milk. However, genetic potential of new generation
of animals is shown not completely. It is influenced
by partial compliance of the created technological
conditions of biology of animals, and indicators of
breeding value of producers, with their prepatent
indicators. Calculations of breeding value indexes of
bulls – fathers of cows in the herd of "Urozhay" have
shown that each bull has its breeding value, an
ability to transfer the qualities to posterity. Bulls of
Golshtinsky breed of red – motley color ( Pan 2037
and Tulup 78160689), by results of comparison of
milk yields of daughters, mothers and
contemporaries, had negative prepatent indexes of
milk yield and milk protein content (according to
F.F. Eysper and V. Sidorova). The data confirm the
need of carrying out an obligatory index assessment
of bulls before their use on the farm in order to avoid receiving descendants with low dairy efficiency
Currently, due to the risk of global warming because
of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest
ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas
composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great
importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components
of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion,
provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply
atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active
substances, purify of harmful impurities, create
optimal environmental conditions and play an
important environmental role. However, because of
intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated
logging, technogenic environmental pollution
recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses
at which irreversible processes of degradation of
communities of economically valuable main forestforming
species of both natural and artificial origin
take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of
forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere
through the soil respiration must be taken into account,
which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of
forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released
from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of
forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing
intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is
maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov
for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing
functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is
carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia
Republic
The article gives the results of the three years of
research to identify the main species composition of
fungal pathogens when stratified open and closed
methods. Biological efficiency of Guapsin, 0,2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5% is shown. During the period of
stratification, using an open method "on the water", the
following pathogens have evolved: Cladosporium
herbarum (18,6%), Trichotecium roseum (16,3%),
Phomopsis viticola (13,9%), Alternaria spp. (13,4%),
Penicillium sp. ( 9,1%), Aspergillus sp. (5,6%),
Pythium sp. (4,3%), Gonatobotrys flava (4,3%),
Mycelia sterilia (2,8%), Botrytis cinerea (2,2%). The
studies found that the close method of stratification in
the peat developed the following specific composition
of pathogens: Penicillium spp. (21,1%), Phomopsis
viticola (16,4%), Botrytis cinerea (15,3%),
Trichotecium roseum (11,1%), Alternaria spp. (8,2%),
Mycelia sterilia (1,0%). During the period of
stratification, biological efficiency Guapsin, 0.2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5%, was 31,9-88,0% and 28,2-86,3%,
respectively
For the purpose of preservation of soil fertility at
relatively low economic expenses, we have conducted
researches on optimization of doses and combinations
of mineral fertilizers by cultivation of field corn hybrid
called "Krasnodar 382" in a stationary field experiment
of the Department of agrochemistry in the training farm
"Kuban", in the conditions of the leached chernozem of
Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The main impact
on receiving high-quality corn gives the content of plant
nutrients in soil. Our researches showed that the
application of the complete fertilizer in various doses
has had influence on the content of essential plant
nutrients in the soil. The maximal values of the content
of mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and
exchangeable potassium during all phases of vegetation
have been got in options with double N60P60K40 and
triple N90P90K60 dose of the complete fertilizer.
Sufficient supplying the soil with plant nutrients by
fertilizing has entailed the enhance of corn yield. Great
crop of corn has been reaped during the experiment.
After three years of researches, the productivity has
reached averaged 58,7 cwt/hectare. The greatest
productivity has been received in the option with
application of triple and double dose of the complete
fertilizer and amounted 68,5 and 68,0 cwt/hectare, what
is 47% and 45,9% more, compared to the option
without any application of fertilizers. The main
substance, which defines nutritional value of corn, is
proteins. Application of fertilizers under the conditions
of our experiment has promoted enhancing the protein
content in corn. The application of mineral fertilizers
has promoted increase of the content of crude protein in
corn. Maximal it was in option with application of the
complete mineral fertilizer in the double dose of
N60P60K40 – 9.6%, when reaped protein has amounted 6,5 cwt/hectare. Therefore, it is possible to conclude
that it is most expedient to fertilize field corn with the
dose of N60P60K40 and N90P90K60
The biotechnology (year - round utilization of livestock and spirit wastages) was developed for the protection of farmlands and water objects. Technology of processing of organic wastages by means of earthworms (vermicomposting) gives the chance to use wastages of livestock complexes, to make a sewage disposal at minimum energy consumption. In the field experiment which was made in the training farm called "Kuban" for the detailed studying of influence of the held events there were put the platforms. The technique of probability of estimation of ameliorative condition of an irrigated field is given in the article. The nonparametric statistical assessment of degree of soil compliance to the normative conditions is defined
In the experimental work, we studied the effect of the
inulin prebiotic on the growth, development and
efficiency of growing broiler chickens of the Isa cross.
In accordance with the scheme of the experiment, the
first control group was fed a complete feed (CF) by
periods of growth. In the second group, inulin was
added to the CF for the first 21 days of growth. In the
third group prebiotic was added to the CF at the same
rate throughout the whole period of rearing the chicks
(42 days). In the second and third groups, we found the
tendency to increase the intensity of growth rate in
poultry by 1.6 and 3.0%, respectively, compared with
the control. Feed costs for weight gain were decreased
by 2.1-2.7%. In the chime of the blind processes of the
intestine of the chickens of 2-3 experimental groups it
was found the reduction of staphylococci and
enterococci CFU, while similar to the control group
lactobacilli CFU. The muscle tissue in the chickens of
experimental groups had greater protein content. The
optimal range of indicators is the use of inulin for the
first 21 days of rearing poultry. Because of the
production audit, an increase in live weight of chickens
was found, in the experimental group by 2.7% (p ≤
0.05), a decrease of feed costs by 7.5%, increase of the
survival rate of poultry by 2.0% and profitability by
3.1%
During the last century, in the biosphere occur expressed processes of soil degradation due to anthropogenic influence, which seriously change of top layer of soil. The agricultural landscape is allocated of noticeable accumulation of various wastes at expense of growing of food crops and grazing of farm animals, as well as due to mineral wastes generated in process production of building materials and fertilizers from natural raw. According to physical and chemical characteristics of wastes of plant origin and natural-raw wastes constitute a non-toxic highly dispersed connection with an admixture of different undecomposed organic and mineral substances. Specificity of physical state is determined there of high dispersion, which is represented by system particles of colloidal substances distributed in various environments. Colloids of natural-raw wastes are characterized by a low rate of diffusion; do not penetrate finely porous membrane of cell structures, different very nonequilibrium insolubility and specific chemical composition. For example, phosphogypsum is characterized by high concentration of sulfur and calcium, and trace amounts of entire table of D.I. Mendeleev. Organic wastes are made by variety of chemical compounds and high concentration of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other organic substances
The article scientifically substantiates and
experimentally confirms the high efficiency of the
nano biological feed supplement "NaBiKat" in diets of
broiler chickens of the "Cobb-500" cross. The
supplement is a new complex with a mixture of rice
germ films, green tea gallocatechin in chelated form,
and forty-nine trace elements in chelated form,
including biosoluble form of silicon. The main
function of silicon is to be involved in a variety of
intermediate exchange reactions as a catalyst and to
ensure normal flow of vital mechanisms as a coupler
helping to combine cellular molecules into a whole
functioning structure. Silicon begins to act on the body
when getting into the lumen of the gastrointestinal
tract with the feed. It activates the enzyme system of
the body and in ionic form is absorbed by kind of
ordinary diffusion along almost the entire small and
large intestine beginning from the jejunum. The
supplement studied has been proved to improve the
morphological structure and biochemical properties of
blood, to enhance metabolism, redox processes, and
the level of natural resistance. The broilers fed the
supplement "NaBiKat" in the experimental groups
have been found to have a higher concentration of
macro- and micronutrients in blood. The nano
biological silicon-containing supplement as a
compound of in the composition of feed for chickens
had a positive effect on their growth and development
The article contains generalized information on the
activities of peasant farms in cultivation of turkey for
meat using outdoor technologies. The production is
cost-effective, although the rates of live weight gain
and the cost of feeding do not reach the requirements
for the cross. There are some reserves to improve the
profitability (introduction of floor cell technology,
optimization of feeding and participation in
government support programs)
The author has examined peculiarities of meat
productivity of animals of the most common breeds:
Charolais, Simmental, Aberdeen Angus, Hereford,
Kuban type of Red Steppe. As a result of the
slaughter carried out for younger group achieved 15
months age, the Charolais breed bulls exceeded
peers of Kuban type on slaughter weight to 60.9 kg
(20.9 %), Aberdeen Angus – 53.8 kg (18.5 %),
Hereford and Simmental respectively – to 35.1 and
24.8 kg (8,5-12,0 %). By the age of 18 months their
superiority increased respectively by 56.9; 57.5; 55.8
and 29.9 kg (16.8; 16.9; 16.5 and 8.82%). Halves of
bodies of the Kuban breed (considering the specific
type of boneless beef output) aged 15 months gave
way to all the groups: Charolais and Angus – by 1.1-
1.5%, Simmental and Hereford – by 0.4-0.6%. The
yield of premium beef exceeds the standards in all
genotypes: Kuban – by 9.5%, beef breeds – by
11.2% (Charolais) and 19% (Simmental). The
balance beetween dry matter and moisture is in the
optimal range (0.43: 1-0,73: 1). At 15 months of age,
in the number of dry matter, Charolais bulls
outnumbered Aberdeen-Angus and Red steppe at
5.1-5.2%, Simmental and Hereford - on 3,0-4,9%.
With age, in the meat of calves of beef breeds the
level of fat increased, for example, in Hereford and
Simmental 0.3-0.5%, Aberdeen Angus and
Simmental – 0.7-0.8%. In the middle of a sample of
ground beef of carcasses of the calves of Charolais
breed at the age of 18 months it contained more
protein than in the meat of the calves of Red steppe
(1.2%, Hereford (1.1%), Angus (1.4%), Simmental
(1,3%). All the meat of the carcasses of the calves of
specialized beef breeds was of high quality and diet:
one part of the protein had 0.59 parts of fat
(Aberdeen Angus) and 0.45 parts (Hereford)
A fundamental element of the technology is the use
of beef cattle in the economic purposes of biological
resources of animals. In the development of modern
technologies there is a lack of focusing on one of the
main features of cattle – its own perception of the
environment, that is panoramic (binocular) vision. In
the modern cattle breeding we focuse on the
development of a variety of exterior signs. However,
one of the indicators that affect the behavioral
responses of animals (the degree of development of
the muzzle and the forehead of the animal, the shape
of the head) does not have due importance. The
author has conducted its degree of development
studies in bulls and cows of different breeds. Along
the length of the head, meat breeds (Hereford,
Aberdeen Angus, Simmental, Charolais) gave way to
Red Steppe 14.9; 15.5; 5.5 and 5.0 cm (27,5; 28,6;
10,1 and 9,2%, P
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article deals with the forms of agitation and mass
art, the creation of which was authorized by the
Bolsheviks in the 20ies of the XX century for effective
advocacy activities. It is noted, that agitation and mass
art is one of the most important and effective means of
policies and has played a huge role in the establishment
of Soviet power. Propaganda direction was manifested
in the both of drawing and painting and was aimed at the
formation of a new proletarian thinking in a socialist
society. It is stated, that the content of works of art is
determined, above all, by the military-political situation
that prevailed in the 20-ies. It is shown, that in the works
of art displayed figures of the new revolutionary themes,
events and characters, but also significant presence of
the image of the new man - working men and women,
sailors, soldiers, peasants was traced. Festive decoration
of cities and towns, from the capital to the smallest
provincial towns was filled with agitation and
propaganda content. The conclusion is that artistic and
political design of squares, streets, public buildings
should help to create a festive mood, increase
employment, ideological and socio-political activity of
the workers. In general, new forms of agitation and
propaganda were created through art, by turning the
novelty of content, depth of the emotional impact,
thematic literacy and specificity for the necessary
psychological mood of society during the study period
The article is devoted to source base of Khan-Girey
works. Two types of the sources used by Khan-Girey
are allocated: historical and historiographic. In its turn,
historical sources are conditionally subdivided in
written, material and sources of the oral origin. The
relation of Khan-Girey to the problem of reliability of
sources, the responsibility of authors on the provided
data are considered. It is concluded, that in the works
of Khan-Girey oral sources are predominant, all
others, including historiographical, act as subsidaries.
It is emphasized, that in this period there were only
oral sources, came from the Adyghe environment, all
the others were the evidences of other cultures. The
relation of Khan-Girey to folklore as to a historical
source is revealed. We have identified other types of
oral sources, such as personal knowledge and KhanGirey
memories, and eyewitness evidences. The
analysis of the working methods of Khan-Girey with
historiographical sources is carried out. At the end of
the article, the conclusion is made that the source base
of Khan-Girey works, for objective reasons, is limited,
although the use of most sources, found by him, were
confirmed in historiography
The article is devoted to the activities of the regional
branch of all-Russian voluntary society for protection
of monuments of history and culture (VOOLIK) in the
territory of Adygheya. The studied problem has not
been the subject of special study. The main source was
archival dataб which were not included into scientific
circulation. First, these are the minutes of the regional
conferences of VOOPIK and the meetings of its
regional branch. The article discusses the processes of
creation and functioning of the society; we have
determined the range of issues included in their
competence and the most active members of the
society, revealed the conditions for the establishment
of primary organizations and the requirements for
entering into society. The analysis of the reports of the
regional conferences of VOOPIK and the meetings of
the regional branch was allowed to identify specific
activities conducted by the regional branch of
VOOPIK, for the creation and preservation of the
historical heritage of the Republic of Adygea
The modern informational technologies and the
Internet as a part of them are changing our world.
These changes are the reason for genesis of new
theoretical concepts in the middle of XX century,
which research the influence of informational
technologies on spheres of social life. Step by step
we developed different theoretical concepts of
“Informational society”, which try to predict the
prospects of society. We have formed a new term of
“cyberspace”, but scientists still argue about its
meaning. One part thinks that it has only “network”
meaning, which means that cyberspace is only the
Internet, another part understands this term more
widely, include the hardware part in this term. In
this article, the author analyzes different theoretical
concepts which research the question of genesis and
development of informational society, and the
process of forming of the term of “cyberspace”,
research of the process of transformation of “postindustrial
society” into “informational society”,
highlight the main ideas of informational society
concepts
Social Sciences and Humanities
We are developing a new organizational-economic
theory - solidary information economy, based on
the views of Aristotle. The name of this theory has
changed over time. Initially, we used the term
"nonformal information economy of the future",
and then began to use the term "solidary
information economy." In connection with
Biocosmology and neo-Aristotelism preferred is an
adequate term "functionalist organic information
economy". This article summarizes the first phase
of work on the solidary information economy. We
have analyzed the array of publications. The main
problems are discussed, the solution of which is
devoted to research related to the considered basic
organizational and economic theory. The founder
of the economic theory is Aristotle. We discuss
Aristotle's positions, on which the economic theory
is based, in particular, solidary information
economy. We prove that the market economy has
remained in the XIX century and the mainstream in
modern economic science - justification of
insolvency of a market economy and the need to
move to a planned system of economic
management. We examine the impact of ICT on
economic activity. We develop the approaches to
decision-making in the solidary information
economy. On the basis of modern decision theory
(especially expert procedures) and informationcommunication
technologies people can get rid of
chrematistics and will understand the term of
"economy" according to Aristotle
The research is devoted to the problem of selecting the
software acquisition method for the company. To solve
this problem the decision support system which allows
automating the process of selecting the software
acquisition method was developed. The existing
methods of software acquisition were reviewed in the
article, as well as the analysis of possibility of their
comparison was conducted. This analysis showed that
the research should be limited to two alternatives -
purchase of licensed program and using Software as a
Service (SaaS). We substantiated the necessity of a
mechanism that would allow the company to
determine with a high degree of accuracy which
software acquisition method was the most preferred.
This mechanism was implemented in the framework of
a decision support system consisting of three main
blocks: database, model base and interface.
The basis of the model base consisted of indicators
calculated on the various methods for assessing the
economic efficiency of information technologies. The
above methods were ranked in descending order of
their informativeness. Based on these results the
algorithm of choice of software, the acquisition
method was proposed. This algorithm formed the basis
of the decision support system which block diagram is
also presented in the article. It is expected that the
developed decision support system will enhance the
validity of the decisions made, reduce the complexity
of the calculations, and minimize losses associated
with acceptance of erroneous decisions
Domestic and foreign experience of operation of the segment of "small" rural economy shows that its capabilities are still being used not completely out of the difficulties and risks of development. The main reason for the slow dynamics of the modern development of subjects of small farming (SAF), according to the authors, is the inaccessibility of the credit market in this sphere since the key rate of the Central Bank at 10.5%, which is too high and, therefore, significantly reduces the efficiency of the investments in this risky industrial sector. In addition, the most narrow «neck bottle» is remaining a unit of realization of products of small businesses. The authors propose a refined definition of "small agricultural businesses" that differs from the previous definitions by its conciseness and by including small enterprises of not only 1-st production, but also the 2-nd processing of agricultural sector. The study revealed that the most distinctive features of small agricultural forms are: high autonomy, independence, and self-protection from adverse environmental factors. The authors propose to adjust the long-term regional development program, and suggest the method of determining the capacity of the market for products of small agricultural farms with possibilities of a differentiated accounting of consumers by their income, residency, and consumption of domestic and other animals. They believe that the problem of affordability of lending and perfecting of system of marketing of small agricultural farming today is largely able to solve with the multi-level agricultural credit and sales-living cooperatives. The authors believe that the government should create a high-in-demand SAF productive assets and then transfer them to the operational management of cooperatives, with subsequent transformation of them into equity of the small participants of cooperatives
Availability of cooperation in the field of processing, storing, crediting and selling channels is the key to further successful development of subjects of small agrarian farms. It is shown, that modern cooperation allows creating 1-st level agricultural consumer cooperatives at the district level. Based on the region level, the 2-nd level Unions of cooperatives are being formed. The 3-rd level cooperatives may also appear on the Federal level or the level of Federal districts. The authors give the dynamics of financing of regional target programs of development of agricultural credit and sales cooperation in the Krasnodar region. Today, the province operates a two-level system of consumer agricultural cooperatives with the regional Guarantee Fund, which is supporting their development. The main aim of the Guarantee Fund is to ensure access of small farms to financial and material resources. For the 1-st level cooperatives, the Fund provides the possibility of further development and allows adding on 1 ruble of budget support additionally 9.1 credit ruble. Analysis of economic activity of subjects of small farming has showed that improving of the availability and timeliness of accessing loans from agricultural credit consumer cooperatives for the purpose of production of gross amounts volume and production profitability of agricultural products. Moreover, the development of the practice of multi-level cooperation as condition is to improve the functioning of small agricultural farms, their credit new loan program and product distribution are illustrated
The article shows the economic mechanism of operation of the vertical cooperation of small agricultural farms and their quantitative characteristics. There is great attention paid to the work of Revising Union; and there are shown: its objectives, its stabilizing role in lending to small businesses, and the volume of regional lending. The proposed project is meant to improve the current economy mechanism of vertical cooperation, to increase efficiency of regulation of the development process of consumer cooperatives of small farming with future possibility of public offering of constituent entities of the production infrastructure created with participation of the state. The authors recommend creating joint infrastructural facilities for small business with active engaging of the government, which will increase currently low motivation of participants of small-scale agricultural farming (SAF) in building a new cooperation. It is recommended to actively enhance the process of creating of infrastructure of economic activity, the state features in the construction of production, supply, logistics, processing, marketing and other necessary for practical objects in the form of storage facilities, slaughterhouses, depots mine-mineral fertilizers etc. It is proposed to enhance preparation and retraining of personnel for working with small farms and especially in their consumer cooperatives. To increase efficiency of the informative-consultative instrument of development of small business by adding more state funding, more actively implement a scheme of public-private partnerships with cooperatives of small agricultural farming. The crucial condition for successful development of SAF is lobbying interests of participants of small agrarian business by giving opportunities from regional Chambers of commerce and industry, by establishing associations of small forms of management to protect interests of participants in use of land, resources provision, lending, product sales, and other important concerns
PREDICTION OF A FINANCIAL MARKET EVOLUTION ON THE BASE OF SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR LINEAR CELLULAR AUTOMAT
The work used methods of system analysis, monographic, structural and logical, economic-statistical, mathematical continuous and discrete, settlement and constructive methods as well as software tools of linear cellular automata. Usage of each method was based on their functionality, thus ensuring the accuracy of the findings and scientific positions. In this article we attempt to predict the dynamic behavior of the financial market elements, to use on the basis of a linear cellular automaton computer tools and methods of nonlinear science for adequate numerical reflection measure various risks, primarily financial and economic risks, as well as to show the power of computer graphics, computer mathematics system linear cellular automata, to emphasize an important philosophical role of visualization. The authors of the work programmed linear cellular automaton based on Python 2.7 software platform in the form of application. The program validates the predictive model on the adequacy of the selected coloring, is forecast error and builds polygons predictive model and input data on the same graph. The proposed research area is relevant to the processes in the financial and economic system, bringing in useful innovative elements in the generalized forecast that do not exist in continuous classical methodology
The article evaluates the competitiveness of Russia in the world economy. This aspect of the study was considered in the dynamics and historical perspective of world economic relations development, the world's leading economies being an example. The origins and nature of competition, the concept of substitute goods were considered as an important problem of market economic system. The place of Russian Federation in the modern external economic environment and real prospects of achieving a high position among the leading producing countries were studied based on retrospective data. A comparative analysis was carried out according to certain criteria between the highly developed States. Theoretical review of data to assess the competitiveness of Russia in the world economy showed that the crisis of recent years could not have a positive impact on both economic development level of the Russian Federation and its opponents. It is known that each approach to consideration of a specific situation has its advantages and disadvantages but this article provides the most comprehensive and detailed material on the subject matter. Evaluation of competitive ability of Russia in the global economy has shown the need to increase the production capacity of the domestic manufacturer, and consequently, the production power of the country is increasing. This will contribute to the strengthening of the international authority of Russia
The article is devoted to the study of the globalization impact on the development of states in the economic and other spheres. The subject of the research is the situation of the countries in the world economic and social hierarchy, due to the influence of globalization and its processes. The authors consider the main trends and the directions of the globalization of the world economy. In the article, the authors present the points of view of well-known figures of economics and politics. The processes of globalization have directly affected the Russian Federation. Based on their examination the main reasons, the advantages and the disadvantages of a global phenomenon are given, as well as predictions about the future development and the impact of globalization on the stability states vital activity. Some economic and statistical indicators directly related to the globalization of the world economy were given. A comparison was also made of these indicators, the Russian Federation and other mainly Western countries taken as an example. The obtained differences are explained by the uneven development of states and underdevelopment of one of them compared to the other, which leads these countries to different sides of the world economic road. The main perspectives caused by the globalization processes are reflected
The article highlights the main factors influencing the
modernization of the electric power industry in Russia,
that can positively influence the process of
environmental upgrading companies of this sector,
improve competitiveness and environmental
performance. It has identified the main risks and
uncertainties in the electricity sector. We have selected
the most serious of them. As one of the most urgent
tasks of the present stage of development of natural
resources and technological standards in the electricity
sector, we have highlighted the development of criteria
for inclusion of technology to the "best available
technology" category
Decision-making requires a thorough analysis of the
external environment in which the economic system
operates. Anti-Russian economic sanctions is
significantly destabilized external environment that
has complicated the task of making decisions on
management of the enterprise. This study analyzes
the problem of decision making under conditions of
the uncertainty caused by the anti-Russian sanctions,
the conclusion about the limited decision-making
methods based on game theory. The most effective
are management practices supported by information
systems. The article analyzes the current information
technology of managing a company made by
different developers who have already installed their
software products on objects, which are strategic for
the Russian economy. In terms of economic
sanctions, such a situation creates a threat to the
economic security of the country. Based on domestic
developments, it is proposed to construct an
information model of the enterprise, which will
reduce the risks and increase the quality of
managerial decisions. The work presents a structural
scheme of the information model and defines its
objectives and characteristics
In modern conditions, the problem of the choice of an
optimum tax regime especially is particularly acute for
agricultural organizations. The subjective factors
influencing acceptance of management decision on the
matter such as the production specialization level, a
share of the income from sale of agricultural products
in total income, number of workers are characteristic
of each organization. However, a preliminary stage of
the analysis of tax expenses in case of various tax
regimes is consideration of statistical information on
an industry in the field of the taxation. In this article,
data on structure and size of liabilities on taxes,
charges, fees are provided to off-budget funds of
agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar Region,
dynamics of this indicator within five years that gives
an idea of a tendency of change of conditions of the
taxation in case of various tax regimes. Statistical
information on distribution of agricultural
organizations of the Krasnodar Region on tax regimes
is also provided in a percentage ratio. The comparative
analysis of level of the tax load in case of various tax
regimes which gives an idea of benefits of a special tax
regime to agricultural producers is provided. The study
was sponsored by RFFR and the administration of the
Krasnodar Territory in the framework of a research project № 16-46-230131 “Formation of information
efficient management of agricultural production
systems through the integration of information flows
of the financial, tax and management accounting
(based on organizations of the Krasnodar region)”
Financial analysis is an integral part of a company
activity. Success of the business depends on it. Today
to detect financial position of companies we use a
complex analysis, which has several weaknesses such
as the grounds for manager’s decisions and difficulties
in identifying of influence of all indexes. Therefore,
we suggest using the method of reference dynamics for
systematizing results ranging to the importance degree.
This method was founded by I.M.Siroezhin. The main
theses will be described in this article later. To
examine it in detail the article presents the performed
financial analysis of J.C. «Novoroslesexport», which is
one of the most important and largest companies in the
Black Sea Coast and situated in Russian port
Novorossiysk, by means of using of the method of
reference dynamics of liquid indexes. In conclusion,
the results of this analysis would allow detecting weak
spots and follow-up measures for resolving issues
The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of
the concept of “cluster”. The origination of the cluster
theory and its development stages are traced in the
article. The research shows that cluster approach is the
most promising. A definition of “tourist recreational
cluster” is suggested
The purpose of this article consists in disclosure of key
theoretical and practical questions of introduction of a
concept "green logistics" for increase of activity
efficiency of economic entities in agro-industrial
sector and decrease in level of negative impact of this
sector on a global ecosystem taking into account the
happening global transformations in world economy.
Within this article, various aspects characterizing
world economic, ecological, technological trends that
define the future of a modern civilization were studied.
It allowed concretizing the main ideas of use of green
logistics in agro-industrial sector. The business model
for the agricultural enterprises and farms based on
ecologically responsible logistic approach is offered
considers transformation of world economy (transition
from wasteful and to a sustainable development and
green economy), the directions of ecological trends.
For agro-industrial sector use of a concept "green logistics" it at the same time both a way of
optimization of expenses, and a way of formation of
business reputation of the new quality focused on
increase of ecological and social responsibility of
business of the agricultural enterprises and farms. The
green logistics used in agro-industrial sector allows to
reduce the level of environmental risks which are
connected with production of agricultural raw
materials and finished agricultural goods
In the given article, we describe an approach to the
formation of learning environment optimal structure
based on logical price tools using through statistical
assessment of universities rank distribution. The
actuality of this approach is based on the analysis of
modern methods to the formation of the university
landscape and assessment of a number of systemic
problems of universities’ structure transformation,
which consists in the disproportion reinforcement and
reducing the variety of educational programmes and
research schools, which prevents its effective
development. The postulates of institutional university
transformations based on the pragmatic paradigms
providing stability and progressive development of the
system in its self-development and evolution process
are proposed as a methodological concept of using the
statements of the cenoses theory. The logical price
analysis of the Russian universities structure in 2015
conducted above has confirmed the proposed
hypotheses, showing statistical coupling of university
environment elements, their relatively systematic
instability and structural imbalances. The educational
system assessment as a cenosis allowed to reveal
points of the required impact factor, state intervention
direction in the distribution structuring, possible
limitations associated with the implementation of large
universities support programmes. The proposed
approach has a high level of reality objective
assessment and may be used when making long-term
strategic decisions
This article discusses the stages of development of the Russian bookkeeping, namely the audit activity, within international standards. There is a detailed analysis of the stages of formation of audit legislation also careful studies of influence of certain social, economic, and historical factors in the development of the bookkeeping. The key factors of influence to regulate auditing activities by the state are reviewed in the article. The article reveals information about the sense of amending the legislative framework, and main ways of standards development of the auditing in Russia at different stages. The article reviewed legal standards in the field of bookkeeping. There was also presented international experience to solve the problem base on contrasting countries with different approaches to the development of the regulatory legal framework in the field of audit. The article reviewed practical aspects of usage of the modified regulation in bookkeeping
The statement of financial performance is one of the main forms of accounting (financial) statements of commercial organizations. The main goal is to provide quality information useful to the interested user to evaluate the effectiveness of activity of an economic subject. Due to the fact, that this reporting form provides information about such objects of accounting as income and expenses, its formation is governed by PBU 9/99 "Incomes of organization" and PBU 10/99 "Expenses of organizations". Credentials standards, in turn, provide opportunities for the professional judgment of the accountant in establishing the classification criteria of income and expenses for presentation purposes in the statement of financial performance. The implementation of the judgment in this case will determine the level of usefulness of the report to the interested user. The study of the totality of possible approaches to the classification criteria of income and expenses for presentation in the statement of financial results has enabled to conclude that the professional accountant's judgment in this case must take into consideration such factors as the type and extent of activity of an economic subject, the regularity of occurrence of incomes and expenses, as well as their relationship
The article describes the innovations in the classification and measurement of biological assets according to IFRS (IAS) 41 "Agriculture". The difficulties faced by agricultural producers using standard, set out in article. The classification based on the adopted amendments, according to which the fruit-bearing plants, previously accounted for as biological assets are measured at fair value are included in the category of fixed assets. The structure of biological assets and main means has been studied in trials. Changes made to the IFRS (IAS) 41 "Agriculture", make similar national and international accounting rules. In this way, the fruit-bearing plants are carried at cost, taking into account accumulated depreciation. This approach is similar in both accounting systems. The method of accounting of fruit-bearing assets, which after maturation are not significant biotransformation in the value, has been simplifying accounting. According to the fruit-bearing assets, active market was absent; therefore, the estimation of fair value for them is not correct. The model of using fruit-bearing assets is similar to the use of industrial equipment. Historical cost is more appropriate and meets economic substance of the objects. Assessment of performance of fruit-bearing assets and indicators of their use is represented on an example of perennial crops
The article discusses the development of e-government
concept and the key factors that have a major impact on
this process. In this study, the external environment is
defined and we have specified the inner enlarged
structure of the system. The influence on the
development of the concept is exploring with factors of
external and internal environment. The influence of
factors on the formation of the paradigm of egovernment
is showing on the example of historical
development. Further, successful practice in the
establishment of e-government are analyzed and then
are noted some problems arising in this process. The
accumulated international and local experience is
studied in this area, that is reflected in list of practical
experiments and theoretical studies by group of
scientists. E-government is examined not only as the
management structure, but also as the information
technology system. Key trends are analyzed and the
impact of factors is discovered in relation to selected
components of the system of e-government. The article
reveals the factors responsible for the success of egovernment
implementation and the factors that
increase the risk on the project. Low-level factors are
grouped on its subjects to identify the basic and
secondary groups of factors, which affect selected
elements of the system. It defines the elements of egovernment
affected with the general impact
Delinquents and criminals in the economy, actively
apply modern tools of implementation of economic
relations while using the so-called "gaps" and
inadequacies in the law. Often, to prove intentional
sequence of interrelated transactions between
counterparties for public authorities authorized in the
field of Economics is quite difficult. The main problem
is the lack of information about the facts of economic
life that took place in the economic system of the
administrative-territorial education and beyond. On the
other hand, economic actors have difficulty when
choosing a contractor, the burden of control activities
and the need of proving innocence. Implementation of
measures to stimulate sectors of the economy faced a
challenge of bringing the right information and the
willingness of subjects to participate in their
implementation. There are professional illiteracy and
the lack of necessary information about the rules of
participation in the stimulus package, as well as
practices and examples of economic behavior. The
authors propose the use of the resource of a uniform
accounting system, allowing solving the task of
eliminating the above difficulties. The article presents
the procedure for its application in individual cases for
the implementation of economic operations,
implementation of control measures. We have also
investigated the circumstances and conditions of its
application
The article noted that the aggravation of the problem of
economic sustainability of agricultural organizations in
the modern market economy, caused by the influence of
the complex as a deterrent, and potentially contributing
to internal and external factors, showing up at all stages
of the reproductive process. Investigation of this
problem has allowed allocating and justifying the most
important factors, classified in the context of
organizational, economic, innovation and investment,
financial and social components, affecting the process
of ensuring the economic sustainability of agricultural
organizations, taking into account the specific
conditions of their operation. Among the constraints, we
highlighted the high cost of borrowing, the fiscal tax
policy, price disparity, lack of working capital, high
financial risks and depreciation of fixed assets, low
production efficiency, aging staff, lack of highly
qualified personnel, and others. Among the factors
conducive to economic stability, we defined such
factors as loans, incentives, insurance, government
support, the intensification of innovation, use of new
resource-saving technologies, modernization and
reconstruction of production, increasing the
responsibility of the business, improving human
resources and others. The proposed classification by the
nature of influence on the object of control in the
context of structural and functional components enables
the development of mechanisms and tools to increase
agricultural organizations adaptation to the changing
environment. The author concludes that by taking into
account all the factors and the formation of an effective
management system based on agroeconomically
harmonious coordination of market mechanisms and
government regulation, it is really possible to achieve
economic growth that will create the conditions for balanced, sustainable and socially-oriented economic
development
Volumes of funds on the activities of the program Development of the poultry in the Krasnodar Territory are presented for 2011-2013 and the years of its implementation; the evaluation criteria to achieve the targeted poultry industry program in the Krasnodar region. The results of production capacities in the livestock in the reporting period are considered. Investment projects in the sector of the Krasnodar Territory Poultry are analyzed and their prospects for the implementation and compliance with consumer preferences are assessed. State program of the Krasnodar Territory Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food (term implementation of the program 2016-2021) is described in the section on livestock subsector funding. The main issues of the agrarian and industrial complex development in the Krasnodar Region are considered. Target indicators for state program Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food are given. The need for state support of poultry subjects of agribusiness industry of the Krasnodar Territory activity in modern conditions to meet the basic needs of the population and guests of the Krasnodar Territory and the further formation and development of the market of poultry products in the region and pointed out
The article discusses the importance of agricultural production for the Russian economy and necessity of its state support, including through the tax system, it analyses the main indicators of the share of agriculture in the economy of Russia and the historical and practical aspects of the application of the unified agricultural tax. The article presents the main indicators of agricultural production in 2015, private (individual and family) sector, identifies the types of regional agrarian structures, as well as the distribution of these types by regions. It reveals the problems of application of the unified agricultural tax, as well as the reasons for their cause, discusses the main changes to the current system of taxation relating to the common tax in agriculture. It determines the impact of the application of preferential treatment for the taxation of agricultural production on the dynamics of the industry by considering the structure of payers of the single agricultural tax in the Russian Federation for the period 2010 to 2015. It considered the total income of the unified agricultural tax and on the basis of 1 of the taxpayer for the period 2010 – 2015, identifies possible ways of improvement of the unified agricultural tax and the necessity of expanding the list of expenses, including losses
In accordance with many surveys, it is clear that rural
holidays play an important role in diversification of
modern touristic places. Its diversity attracts more and
more tourists in different countries from all over the
world, including Russia. The phenomenon of
agritourism has been known in touristic science and
practice for a long time. However, a common
interpretation of its content and an approach to its
classification has not been developed. The article
presents a hypothesis, which represents agritourism at
the present stage of its development; a special kind of
tourism, which unites a number of subclass and their
development requires a special set of tourist resources
The author has greatly elaborated the science of
tourism theory in terms of formation of the conceptual
unit of agritourism, including its inherent properties as
a special field of tourism; classification criteria (using
the results (products) of agricultural production in
various forms, the infrastructure and resources of the
agritourism facility or the whole countryside, trade
activity) according to classes and subclasses. In
contrast to the pre-existing partial approaches to
agritourism, it allows, to isolate it properly as an
independent and complete subject of management
facility in the tourist industry. The article presents the
author's suggestion on agritourism conceptual
framework development, typology of tourist resources
use
The article summarizes the results of a study devoted
to the solution of actual problems of management of
corporate integrated structures. Among the significant
scientific results are presented: methods of evaluating
the development of corporate integrated structures of
the agro-industrial sector operating in the absence of a
legislative base; substantiation of actual problems of
management of corporate integrated structures on the
example of a typical representative of this sector of the
economy and developed a multi-tasking method of
system analysis, directions for solving the identified
problems; methods and models of design of control
system corporate integrated structures and alternative
options for organizational structures, their evaluation
based on the use of methods of mass service theory
and the choice of variant by criterion the average time
of document management system; developed the
organizational-economic mechanism of strategic
planning and a set of interrelated models obtained
using the method of systemic-cognitive analysis,
which allows on the basis of the accumulated
information on the activities of the organizations
included in the corporate integrated structures to
obtain the predicted values of the system indices when
setting the target value of one of them; methods of
control of the chain of value creation, allows us to
develop structures of integrated systems with
allocation in them of financial and material flows, and
improved models for assessing effectiveness and
calculating the parameters of technologically complete
industrial chain and optimization model of the volume
of material flow
The Russian and the world economy can be characterized as crisis ones. The economic crisis in modern society is perceived as ordinary, it is a part of its daily occurrence. The management and the organization of functioning in different spheres of economy traditionally treats management activity, at the same time the manager's profession in Russia is discredited completely. In the economy of Russia the institute of the professional managers who are ready to perform high-quality services in the land market, and at the same to meet time requirements imposed both from users of land services was not created. Recovery of trust to the leading class of the society undermined in decades of the carried-out socioeconomic transformations affecting all spheres of life of society is the basis of successful development of the country. The first step in ladder of development of national economy always was land issues and there still is. It is possible to carry out the economic transformations affecting the taxation and property without knowing how much the land costs currently. However, without the strong base it is impossible to construct high economic potential of welfare of society. Consideration of topical issues of preparation of the new and already performing the professional activity managerial personnel in the market of land resources in Russia became the purpose of this article
Realization of the objects set in the Strategy of
innovative development of the Russian Federation
depends on the level of resource providing the projects
and programs entering it. In this work, types of
resources and a possibility of their effective use are
analyzed. Russia possesses practically all types of
natural resources and the labor potential necessary for a
country conclusion in leaders of world economy. The
problem consists in inefficient use of these resources,
which are distributed in the directions, deadlock for our
country. During the analysis which is carried out by
means of production function it is established that
return from investments into mining industry is much
lower, than from capital investments in the productions
which are turning out competitive, innovative products
with high value added. Important task is distribution of
resources in the priority directions of Strategy among
which there is no astronautics, of a nuclear power
engineering, aircraft, those branches where still there is
a scientific and technical reserve and there were
qualified personnel. The analysis of historical
experience showed that the country achieved the
greatest success in post-war years when command
methods carried out mobilization of all necessary
resources for achievement of a goal. In the modern
market conditions it is offered to finance the initial
stages of life cycle of innovative projects from public
funds, and on closing stages to raise funds from
investors by means of tools of public-private
partnership
In order to effectively manage the organization senior managers need information on the performance of the centers of responsibility and profitability of major products. Therefore, the leadership task is to select a cost accounting system, which would provide the information needed to assess economic performance and management of the various departments. In the article, we consider the concept of methods of calculation of the cost price of livestock products by a direct-costing system, its feature, rationality and also shortcomings and dignity in current economic conditions. Based on the theoretical literature of national scientists on the overhead allocation methods, the authors developed the stages of distribution of indirect expenses between the objects of calculation. Based on the data of "Nezamaevskoe" we specify the composition and structure of costs in dairy farming that improve analytic accounting, and on this basis the validity of management decisions; a classification of costs underlying the modeling of accounting management. The authors proposed a method of accounting of variable and fixed costs in accounting and reflected in the accounting system of marginal income, as well as recommendations to improve the organization of management accounting costs
Social Sciences and Humanities
Only the rational, normally functioning legislation is
able to afford free exchange of information,
respectively and normal functioning of cultural
institutions, and creation of effective social
technologies and effective functioning of democratic
society, as such. It only emphasizes its special social
importance both for the country in general, and for
each hotel citizen as cultural values cause internal
stability of society, being its spiritual basis, its toposy.
And the library science which is determined as - an
industry of information, cultural, educational activities
of society that includes education and development of
libraries, forming and handling of library stocks, the
organization of library, information and library and
bibliographic servicing of users of libraries,
preparation of library personnel, scientific and
methodical ensuring development of libraries has
special value in this aspect. The emphasized attention
to a library science and people who work in
organizations of libraries can be seen in the
Presidential decree of Ukraine "About establishment
of All-Ukrainian day of libraries" from 5/14/1998 No.
71/98 and which is directed as it is told in the Decree
on increase of a role of the book in social and political
and historical and cultural life of the population of
Ukraine, and also on the problem resolution of
development of a library science. Thus, it is possible
to conclude that in Ukraine there are developments the
legislation, both for needs of the most library science,
and for implementation of free exchange of
information within the country and beyond its limits.
That, in turn, can be a basis as for creation, application
and effective use of social technologies, and for
further development of the cultural sphere of society
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article describes the characteristic features of
British political discourse, its historical development
and the formation and characteristics of the British
sense of humor. We noted that political humor reflects
the mood and attitude of trends in politics. Political
discourse has been viewed as socially-oriented
communication, which is in the nature of persuasive
and compelling communication, dominated by the
imperative type of speech, which, in turn, creates
preconditions for the implementation of the comic. We
have defined defamatory, socially critical, and
harmonizing functions. Special attention is paid to the
role of the addressee, as the factor, which determines
the political communication's aim. We have observed
that British politicians use humor carefully so as not to
provoke their opponents and dissenters in mocking
their use of humor or turning their statements against
themselves. The article contains the analysis of
illustrative material consisting of quotations of the
British political and public figures. English humor can
be studied from the point of view of transformational
grammar, in which case the jokes are divided into
prosaic and poetic ones. Prosaic jokes are based on
social and cultural situations, human interactions.
Poetical jokes are based on grammatical forms and
their irregular usage
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article deals with the legal status of trade unions
in contemporary society, it reveals the basic functions
of trade unions. It is shown, that the existing labor
legislation and legislation on trade unions is
contradictory, difficult to use, and it can be stated that
it does not meet current realities. The work of the trade
union organization directly depends on how the
evolving state. Any social changes pose new
challenges for trade unions, sometimes require radical
change of priorities, forced again and again looking for
new forms and methods of solving problems, so today
there is very important to assess the role of trade
unions in modern Russia, their values, and legal status.
In addition, in this regard, the authors justify the need
for further improving of labor legislation and
legislation on trade unions, especially regarding the
definition and specification of the tasks and functions
of trade unions. The authors propose to clarify the
definition of "trade union", to consolidate the open list
types of trade union organizations and to define their
functions. In order to strengthen the role of trade
unions, we should require employers not only take into
account the reasoned opinion of the trade unions when
making decisions, but accept local acts only with the
prior permission of trade unions, as well as to establish
administrative responsibility in the case of failure
The article is devoted to the Kazyonnaya palata of
the Taurian district and its specifics of structure and
functioning. The brief characteristic of its structure
and place in the state machinery is given. Alongside,
the features of interactions between palata itself and
other key public authorities are noted. The archive
data is used to illustrate the place of Kazyonnaya
palata among the other authorities. The article also
pays a significant attention to the Russian Empire
Kazyonnaya palatas structure specifics depending on
the region operated. It is stated, that that departments
of the Kazyonnaya palata bore the names
“expeditions”, with their number and composition
depending on the particular conditions of the specific
region of the state. Basing on the comparison of the
several regions palatas compositions and their
number of expeditions, the specific expeditions
depending on the region's characteristics are
distinguished. In Taurian district, the specific needs
of the region were covered by the wine, salt and
customs expeditions. This article continues with the
functioning peculiarities of the expeditions
mentioned, which are supported by the real examples
of their operation found in the archive illustrations. In
conclusion, the key features of the Kazyonnaya
palata of the Taurian district are described, and the
brief characteristics of the specific expeditions are
given
The article describes the contents of typical
investigatory situations in the initial phase of the
investigation of crimes against family and minors and
the investigation version is based on the situation. We
have also described an algorithm of investigation of
each situation
The article deals with the problems related to the
modern concept, content, classification and
criminalistic supporting of an investigation and
operational group. The author has analyzed scientific
and technical literature, materials of judicial and
investigative practice, criminal procedural law,
different views of scientists, as well as his own
judgments on the modern concept, content,
classification and criminalistic supporting of an
investigation and operational group. Thus,
criminalistic supporting of detecting, exposure and
investigation of crimes by an investigation and
operational group is a system of integrated application
of legal and criminalistic knowledge aimed to provide
the usage of the most meaningful and practical
approaches and techniques, means of specific
knowledge, organizational and administrative as well
as strategic and procedural recommendations. This
system ensures the best arrangements for the
establishment of truth with regard to a criminal case
by carrying out a set of investigation activities,
operational and search activities and organizational
measures within the norms determined by the
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the
regulations of law-enforcement authorities
Social Sciences and Humanities
One of the main tasks is the improvement of the
education system, the quality of which depends on the
level of economic development of the country. In
Russia, for more than 10 years there has been a
continuously reformed educational system. This is
due to Russia's accession (in 2003) to the group of
countries – participants of the Bologna Declaration,
involving the convergence and harmonization of
education systems in European countries with the aim
of creating a unified educational space. The article
describes the main positions that are subject to a
quality assessment of education from foreign
universities; we have also revealed the reasons for the
low world rating of Russian universities. At present,
the education system of the country should facilitate
accelerated development of the economy of the state
in the first place. This work reveals the shortcomings
of the main reforms related to the implementation of
CSE in secondary educational institutions, the
bureaucratization of the higher education system that
resulted in time reduction of contact of the work of
students with teachers, and as a result – deterioration
of quality of preparation of graduates. We have also
revealed the causes of the current situation and the
main directions that will contribute to the
development of the education system in Russia. These
areas are the development of: a strategic plan for the
development of higher education; a training system
worthy contingent of higher education institutions; an
effective system of preparation of students and
evaluation of the quality of their knowledge and labor
potential; a system of training for scientificpedagogical
personnel and improving their
qualification; assessment criteria of effectiveness and
ability of educational institutions to provide quality
knowledge
A strategic task, which will accelerate the
development of the economy is the reform of the
education system, which has to be focused on
improving the quality of training of graduates in
secondary and higher educational institutions. The
article describes the main causes of low quality of
graduates of schools and universities in our country.
The author proposes a complex of organizational and
methodical actions, implementation of which will
lead to a significant improvement of quality of
preparation of graduates of secondary and higher
educational institutions. Among these activities we
might highlight: developing a strategic plan for the
development of the education system, professional
standards for employees of the administrative
apparatus of education, the nomenclature of the main
structural divisions of educational institutions of
system of training personnel for universities, the
system of training of specialists of the highest level of
quality assessment of students ' knowledge and their
labor potential, the system of training scientificpedagogical
personnel and improving their
qualifications, passports, graduates of secondary and
higher educational institutions and certificates of
qualification of teachers, teachers and employees of
the administrative apparatus of the education sector,
the system of Patriotic education of students of
secondary and higher educational institutions,
evaluation criteria, efficiency and the ability of
educational institutions to give quality knowledge.
Prerequisite to achieve high results in educational
activities is to raise the status and the prestige of a
teacher of educational institutions
The article contains the general structure of thematic
electronic resources application for methodological
support of professional work of educational specialists
(teachers of mathematics). A set of resource modules
was selected in such a way, as to help a teacher to design
a comprehensive learning process in the classroom.
Therefore, the resource has next components:
normative, substantive, methodological, technological.
Essentially, the resource represents all types of professional
work of educational specialists ( the teacher for
planning and organization of the learning process in
the classroom)
Under contemporary conditions in Russia, patriotism
took again its rightful place in the treasury of the
education of the younger generation. Having gone
through many years of testing, attempts to oblivion,
libel and slander, patriotism has been returned to
pedagogical arsenal by efforts of the best Russian
people. However, the atmosphere of decelerations and
partization, nationalist sentiment increasing, immoral
behavior of young people are persisting. Percentage of
maritime university’s cadets has a declining interest in
the patriotism subject. Thus, 78% of cadets reported
that they did not read fiction on patriotic themes; 53%
do not watch military-patriotic films; 29% are not
interested in the history of his native city. The data
indicates a lack of using educational potential and the
special flavor of the hero cities, where they are located,
their rich and glorious history, and established for ages
tradition of serving the motherland. Now for this
reason, the administration, the teaching staff of
maritime universities have not only an intention of
qualitive patriotic education, but also to search for new
forms and methods, to use a regional and municipal
component, to develop cadet’s attention, interest and
desire to participate in patriotic events and patriotic
activities. The working on cadet’s patriotic education of
maritime university can become one of the most
modern and innovative directions. This work shall
consider conditions, historical and educational potential
of the city, where an educational institution is located,
studying of its glorious history, combat and labor
traditions, as the cognitive basis for the patriotism
formation of the highest school’s students
In this article, we consider images of corn plant on the
example of painting, ceramics, postcards, Soviet
propaganda poster, porcelain and post stamps.
We have shown the technology of education process.
The first is the creation of the of illustration images,
the second are the analysis, comparison, interpretation
and searching for new information. The method of
sketches as the basis of education technology is used in
this article. The analysis of corn plants depiction
collected in the library of images, i.e. iconography,
was provided to send the information about the history
and speed of spread of corn plant in Europe and to
select the species peculiarities, the cultivation
technology and using in Russia. In addition, the
anomalies of corn plant, development of their
reflection in painting are noted. The history of genetic
researches of this plant is demonstrated in this work.
On the examples of great artists’ works, we have
reflected species varieties of corn plant, as well as the
phenomenon of xenia; we have also touched the
questions of mobile genetic elements. In this works,
we have pointed the features of cultivation of corn in
Russia, demonstrated the popularization of this cereal.
The main idea of the base images is receiving new
knowledge about an object by means of collecting
images, visual analysis, search for information and
study material. The new approach is obtaining new
knowledge, which is a motivated and fascinating
method of gathering new scientific information
One of the most important problems of pedagogies is
the question of specialist preparedness to solve
problems arising during the professional activity. The
author of the article examines the question of marine
specialists preparedness to act in extreme situations
Health Sciences
The article presents the use of intensive methods of
diet herd reproduction that will increase the
productivity and profitability of the sheep industry.
One of such methods is in vitro fertilization (IVF). For
the success of in vitro fertilization procedure, an
important requirement is the availability of highquality
nutrient media, which help to preserve the
genetic material and contribute to the further
development of the zygote. The main requirement to
the media for sperm is the ability of media not to cause
their agglutination. The aim of our work was to search
for new ways to reduce the agglutination of
spermatozoa in the preparation of freshly prepared
sperm in the process of production of embryos in vitro.
To eliminate the agglutination of spermatozoa in the
semen preparation stage, we used GCY medium,
followed by demolition of seed in SOFw environment,
which has resulted in a significant (almost 15 times!)
reduce of the number of bound sperm. In our opinion,
a decrease in agglutination in GCY buffer was
connected with a specific influence of the constituent
components of sperm.
Conclusion: Thus, our method of preparation of
freshly prepared sperm for in vitro fertilization allows
a sharp decline in sperm agglutination, which will
improve the fertility of eggs during the production of
embryos in vitro sheep
The level of development of modern medical
equipment for the past 20-30 years is in constant
development, many of the technologies and methods
of treatment of certain diseases that were previously
only available for the treatment of a person with
success began to penetrate in the veterinary practice.
The objective aim at the initial stage was the
establishment of testing and suitability for the
cultivation of autologous dermal fibroblasts animals of
previously known techniques and the modernization of
the existing techniques. Next, we had to carry out
measurements of morphometric parameters and to
identify structural features and functional activity of
fibroblasts of different kinds of agricultural animals.
Conclusions: The study showed the conducted
morphometric autologous dermal fibroblasts tests
allowed us to obtain the correlation line. In addition, to
identify common patterns in the development and
growth of fibroblasts derived from different species of
agricultural animals. And also, to obtain material for
comparative evaluation of the quality of the obtained
cell cultures using entropy equivalent
According to the title, the article describes the causes and contributing factors of functional disorders of the uterus and ovaries at cows. The authors specified the percentage incidence of these animals’ pathologies in some farms of Krasnodar Region, especially in industrial complexes. Studies have shown that acute postpartum endometritis has a definite influence on the functional disorders of the ovaries at cows. Authors have found that the cows via 2-4 months after calving with ovarian hypofunction in early postnatal period have had purulent-catarrhal endometritis in 87.9%, fibrinous - in 12% of cases. At cows which have had persistent corpus luteum in 54.6% of cases was registered purulent-catarrhal endometritis, in 27.6% - fibrinous, in 17.8% - necrotizing metritis. At cows with ovarian cysts fibrinous endometritis was observed in 63.2% of cases, necrotizing metritis - in 36.7%. Thus, the more severe form of uterine inflammation was observed in cows, the more severe form of ovarian functional disorders observed in them. The authors found that any factors which negatively acting on the central nervous system or hormone levels, directly or indirectly, sharply reduce the reproductive function of animals
ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВО, КРУПНЫЙ РОГАТЫЙ СКОТ, ДИСФУНКЦИЯ ЯИЧНИКОВ, ЭНДОМЕТРИТ, БЕСПЛОДИЕ, СУБИНВОЛЮЦИЯ МАТКИ, ПОЛОВОЙ ЦИКЛ, ПЕРСИСТИРУЮЩЕЕ ЖЕЛТОЕ ТЕЛО, КИСТА ЯИЧНИКОВ, ГОРМОНЫ
In this article, the authors have defined the acute toxicity of Roksatsin preparation, which represents a 20 % aqueous solution of polyhexamethylene guanidinehydrochloride (PHMG). The acute toxicity of Roksatsin in the first series of experiments was studied on white mice upon intragastric administration. In the second series of the experiments, Roksatsin was administered subcutaneously to white rats and in the third series of experiments the preparation was administered intracisternally to cows. The results of the first series of experiments showed that Roksatsin by the internal method of appointment is slightly toxic to white mice. In this experiment not been a single case of acute intoxication and death of animals. Experiments to determine the acute toxicity of the preparation for white rats were performed in triplicate. In the first series of experiment, the LD50 was 4.8 ml/kg. It is found, that the calculated coefficients LD50 for other two series were close to the first one: the second - 4.2 ml/kg and the third - 4.5 ml/kg. Therefore, the authors found that the Roksatsin preparation upon subcutaneously administration according GOST 12.1.007-76 is a low-toxic compound (4th class of danger). As a result of the third series of the experiments, it was found that the intracisternally administration of Roksatsin preparation to cows in a dose of 5 ml is not toxic to the animal organism. Intracisternal administration of Roksatsin does not have a significant impact on the morphological and biochemical indices of blood. On this basis, Roksatsin preparation with different routes of administration is low-toxic and it can be recommended for clinical researches
The authors briefly describe the properties of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG), which refers to a broad-spectrum biocide and has antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and fungi. PHMG has a deodorizing effect, gives the treated surfaces long bactericidal effect, which can be stored depending on the surface and other external factors from 3 days to 8 months. The authors have presented data about the level of bacterial and fungal contamination of air in the dispensary before and after aerosol treatment of Roksatsin. Bacterial contamination of air dispensary determined via the sedimentation method (Koch Method), which is settling microflora (in air), under gravity, on the surface of a growth medium. For the determination of total bacteria and fungi in 1m3 of air the authors make calculations of total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) according to the formula that was proposed by V.L. Omelyanskii. Bacterial contamination of air was evaluated before disinfection. Accounting quality of aerosol disinfection performed by sedimentation microflora on Petri Dishes through 30, 60 and 120 minutes of exposition. In the analysis of the data the authors defined that Roksatsin as a disinfectant has a negative effect on pathogens, namely significantly reduced the content of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the air, so it can be used for preventive and compelled aerosol disinfection of air in the livestock buildings
The results of the analysis of the level of implementation of the method of cattle breeding by embryo transfer in an agricultural company from the Krasnodar region with a developed sector of cattle breeding. We have assessed the level of development of all stages of the method in the household, identified errors in the selection of animals and the increased value of culling donor cows and recipients, reduced duration of using recipient cows and high cost of all phases of the transplant process. We have raised a question of the need to change the criteria of economic evaluation of the results of the method
The article contains a synthesis of modern views on
the problem of ketosis and related metabolic
disorders. We have given evidences of the
exceptional role of hypoglycemia in the development
of progressive metabolic diseases of cows during the
transition period. The necessity of implementing a
program for critical period with mandatory control
of glycemia was substantiated
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article is devoted to the characteristic of poems of east poets (Japan, China, Korea) on which vocal cycles were written by the Russian composers of the XX century. It becomes perceptible that the appeal to east poetry became a tendency, which appeared during the era of the Silver age of the Russian culture. The reasons of the origin of this tendency were revealed. The names of I. Stravinsky, S. Vasilenko, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, D. Shostakovich, G. Sviridov, S. Slonimsky, L. Grabovsky, A. Nemtin, A. Raskatov, D. Smirnov, V. Kikta, G. Belov, G. Firtich, I. Ostromogilsky, etc. are given as an example of its implication. The large-scale literary list includes poetic of Ancient Chinese poetry, Japanese ancient (medieval) poetry, classical Korean poetry, folklore verses. In the conclusion, typical lines of vocal cycles on these poetic works are shown. The center of this poetry is images of the nature, communication with it of inner world of the person. This poetry is distinguished by a reserved manner of the embodiment of rich inner world, thin psychological gradation. Other figurative constants – love collisions, philosophical reflections about meaning of life, loneliness, exile. They are embodied emotionally frostily, laconically by means of expression
Social Sciences and Humanities
In the article, we consider transformation of domestic
households. The reasons of emergence of antinuclearization
of a family are described and negative
influence of these households on demographic safety
of the state is revealed. Researches of the Russian
scientists regarding changing of family structure of
the population of Russia are considered and
analyzed. We have proved an impact of housing
problems on development of structure of a family.
The basic principles of a state policy providing the
solution of housing questions are offered
In the article, we consider the influence of mass
media on relationship of society with public
authorities. As a result of the theoreticmethodological
analysis the place of the press in
modern society is designated, namely, we revealed
that mass media are the specialized state institute
having continuously developing technical and
creative potential influencing providing the world
and progress of a civilization. Impact of mass media
on economic and political consciousness of the
population is proved. For a sustainable development
of the region, the mechanism providing by means of
mass media effective interaction of citizens with
authorities is offered
Physical Sciences and Engineering
In the article we consider the results of the study of
climatic attractiveness of the South of Russia from the
point of view of tourism development. Formal
definition of attractiveness was reached by using a
wide spread concept of climatic indices. Any climatic
index is calculated by a set of medical and biological
characteristics. The latter are defined on the basis of
human physiology. Indices, which are used for
evaluation of attractiveness of one or another region
from the point of view of recreation and tourism, have
certain peculiarities. Very often they are calculated
using poorly formalized and arguable indications like
psychological feeling of meteorological characteristics
and even aesthetic perception. Taking into account
above mentioned experience we have suggested a new
approach for evaluation of climatic tourist indices
basing on initial (standard 3 hour discretion)
meteorological observations with maximum possible
exclusion from a calculation scheme all subjective
parameters. Our approach is based on a well-known
method of Mieczkowski [4]. The method was
developed more than 30 ears ago and is still widely
applied. Our method allows objectively evaluate nonsmoothed
index values because it takes into account
combinations of meteorological characteristics with
maximum available discretion during the day. A
method demonstrated its capability for evaluation of regional variations in tourist attractiveness. We
analyzed 40–year dynamics of attractiveness in the
region being in the focus of the study
One of the main problems at engineering-geological
researches is the choice of the most suitable territory
for construction of designed projects and
constructions. The most dangerous threat to the
economy and the security of the Krasnodar region are
geohazards. The article provides an expert evaluation
of engineering-geological conditions of the territory,
the map-scheme of evaluation of engineeringgeological
zoning of the region. The characteristic is
given to the engineering-geological taxons allocated
on degree of usefulness of conditions