This article presents the experimental material obtained
from long-term stationary experiment of GNU
"Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station"
in P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research
Institute. Stationary experience was founded in 1978. It
had two ten-course crop rotations and combined graingrass
tilled. The ordinary black soil, low-humic, heavy
loamy in mechanical composition. The capacity of humus
horizon is 113-116 cm with a total content of humus
on the date of the experience beginning is 3.88%.
Arable (0-30cm) layer was characterized by the following
parameters: total nitrogen content - 0.22-0.24, mineral
-10,0-10,5mg / kg of soil, total phosphorus-0,16-
0,19%, labile phosphorus - 12,2-12,9mg / kg soil total
potassium -1,7-2,0%, exchange potassium- 386mg / kg
soil. The degree of saturation of bases is 80-90%. The
amount of absorbed bases is 30-40 m ekvg/ 100 g of
soil. The reaction of the soil solution is weakly alkaline
(PH water 8.0-8.2). The predecessor is winter wheat.
General Agrotechnics is recommended for a given soil
and climate of region. Solid mineral fertilizer were applied
as mineral fertilizers in combination with organic
fertilizer in the form of half-decomposed cattle manure. According to agro-climatic zonation the northern zone
of the Krasnodar region, where the research was conducted,
is related to the zone of insufficient watering
with hydrothermal coefficient 0.7-0.9 with an annual
rainfall of 350.5 to 899.8 mm. During the autumn and
winter period, which determines the accumulation of
water in the soil, from 150.3 to 426.8 mm of rain falls
or 30,4-68,9% of the annual amount. During the vegetation
of sugar beet from germination to harvest -112,0-
588,9mm of rain falls, with an average daily temperature
of the air 16,5-20,000С, including the period of the
greatest growth of roots and accumulation of sugar
from 3.2 to 557.1 of rain falls with air temperature
19,5-28,800С. Hydrothermal index is 0,01-2,83. During
the years of the research 19% of years have been characterized
as unfavorable (hydrothermal index 0.67),
44% of years as moderate on moisture supply and temperature
conditions (hydrothermal index 0.99) and 37%
of years as favorable (hydrothermal index 1.05). The
generalization of the research results obtained by us in
the long-term stationary experiment, allowed us to estimate
the impact of different standards and systems of
fertilizer on the productivity of sugar beet and sugar
content in the roots. On average, during the years of
research, the root harvest under the influence of fertilizer
amounted to 36,7-45,6 t / ha per unit area with the
addition to the control variant, that isn’t manurable,
amounted from 6.6 to 15.5 t / ha. The highest yield of
root is 43,0-45,6 t / ha which was obtained with systems
of fertilizer with complete mineral nutrition
EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF DIFFERENT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WEST CAUCASUS
The influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of two winter wheat cultivars (Lira and Krasnodar 99) was investigated. The investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two five-crops: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content, depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable (0-30sm) soil layer is 3,95-4,00%, of mineral nitrogen is 5,9-8,3 mg / kg of soil, of exchangeable potassium is 330-360 mg / kg of soil. It was found that the maximum value of the winter wheat crop structure elements is noticed in the fertilizer systems with complete mineral fertilizer, and the minimum value - with PK and NK. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. Grain quality was generally determined by the dose of fertilizer. High and higher doses of fertilizers contributed to the protein content from 11.7 to 12.3% and fibrin content - 23,5-24,0%. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined
Excess body weight is a serious problem, involving a
set of diseases presently. For this reason, taking into
account demands of science there was a development
of production of food with the lowered energy value
for the people having first of all obesity that led to
production of substitutes. Even more often producers
resort to use of nutritional supplements, which
generally receive in synthetic way. In this article, we
analyzed multiple references and summarized the
material regarding beet fibers. As a result of numerous
researches it has been proved that food fibers make
favorable impact both on the separate systems of a
human body, and on all organism. The use of the
minor products of processing of the plant raw material
is also critical; they allow improving the preventive
properties of products and enriching them with dietary
fibers, protein, and mineral elements and also
development of food development of curative and
preventive action. Citri-Fi food fibers which are
received from dried-up orange pulp are well-known,
they can keep a large amount of water throughout
technological process. They exert positive impact on
structure of fat that gives the chance to create a
product with the lowered content of fat
The article highlights the issues of grape plants resistance
to low temperatures; it is an urgent problem for
all wine-growing regions of the world, located in the
zone of risky agriculture. Losses caused by frost, indicate
long-standing necessity of perfection of assortment
in terms of enhancing its hardiness by enriching
more resistant genotypes obtained both through the
introduction or naturalization, as well as from the
crossing of indigenous with interspecies hybrids. Methodology for evaluating frost resistance properties
of the material served as a preparation for the originality
of his research and experimental evaluation of the
unique divisibility properties of the aim. Thus, we initially
conducted hardening of matured cuttings at positive
temperature plus 8 plus 4 ° C for 14 days (I
quenching phase) and a negative temperature minus 5 °
C-minus 7 ° C for 9 days and minus 10 ° C-1 day (II
hardening phase). Then the cuttings we frozen in the
temperature range from minus 16 ° C to the next steps
of consistent freezing (minus 16 ° C - 2 days; minus 18
° C - 2 days; minus 20 ° C - 2 days; minus 22 ° C –
1day, minus 24 ° C - 1 day, minus 26 ° C - 1 day, minus
28 ° C - 1 day and minus 30 ° C - 8 hours). After
freezing of cuttings of each variety, the sample was
placed on the 3 days in the refrigerator at the temperature
of + 2 ° C to their gradual thawing. Cuttings were
grown at room temperature on water. As a result, obtained
by the accounting: the lowest frost-resistance
among the studied forms of parental Crimean origins
was found in grades of Shabash, Soldayya and Solnechnodolinsky;
the varieties of Dzevat kara, Kokur
bely, Kokur cherny, Misket, Misgyuli kara, Sari Pandas
were set as a weak level (-20 °C); Aybatly, Kefesiya,
Kok pandas and Ekim kara have average level up
to -22 °C; the highest frost-resistance - 24 °C – was
shown by Khersonessky and Kapselsky. Also, we have
identified synthetic frost-resistant F1-population and
plus-transgressive selection form
In the article there were given the results of researches
for 20110–2012 obtained of many years stationary
experience of the chair of general and irrigated land
management of Kuban State Agrarian University on
study of main soil treatment influence and doses of
mineral fertilizers under soy beans on dynamics of
moisture in soil and efficiency of its use by this cultivar.
There was determined that from all studied variants
the ploughing on 20–22 cm led to the higher accumulation
of moisture for autumn-winter period. The
decrease of productive moisture reserves on 6-9 % was
observed on the types with surface treatment and direct
sowing. The increase of soil treatment depth and doses
of mineral fertilizers promoted to the better accessibility
of moisture during vegetation period and correspondently
to their greater expenses. Moreover, there
was revealed the more rational use of water by soy
beans under mouldboard soil treatment and introduction
of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N90P120, it discovers
the high effectiveness of present agricultural
methods. The highest productivity of soy beans in the
experience was achieved by means of ploughing on
20–22 cm and introduction of mineral fertilizers as a
main type of soil treatment
Experimental studies were carried out on the breeding
farms of "Russian pork" in Millerovo district of the
Rostov region on purebred and crossbred animals
derived from crosses of pigs and the Don steppe types
of meat, breeds of Landrace and Pietrain. The Don
type of meat was used in the experiments as a control.
When crossing, the DM-1 pigs were used as the parent
form, and CT as a father to give twin breed hybrids
DM-1 x ST. The recent delivery of boars of Landrace
and Pietrain breeds allowed to receive twin breed
hybrids of genotypes of CT × L and DM-1 × P
This article presents the results of using "Gorlinka"
mustard protein-containing feed concentrate, instead
of sunflower meal in the feeding of broiler chickens
of the cross of "Cobb-500". The studies were
conducted in the conditions of Krasnodonskaya
Poultry farm of the Ilovlinskiy district of the
Volgograd region. Replacing sunflower meal with a
product of processing of oilseeds which is "Gorlinka"
mustard protein-containing concentrate, in the feed
mixture in the experimental broilers had a positive
impact on the productivity, physiological state of the
birds, product quality and economic performance.
The use of this mustard protein-containing feed
concentrate in feeding of meat birds contributes to the increase of live weight by 3.46-of 6.65% and
slaughter yield by 1.38-1.98% and improvement of
quality indicators of the carcasses. Morphological and
biochemical parameters in experimental broiler
chickens in all the groups were within the
physiological norm, which indicates a normally
occurring redox processes in the poultry organism.
However, adding "Gorlinka" mustard proteincontaining
feed concentrate into experimental feed for
broiler chickens contributed to the increase in the
content of total protein, calcium, phosphorus in blood
serum in comparison with analogues from the control
group that received sunflower cake. As a result of the
research, the economic effect in the experimental
groups was up 710,40-1085,53 rubles
The proposed agro technology for the cultivation of
soft winter wheat contributes to the reproduction of
fertility of leached Chernozem of the Western
Ciscaucasia. As a result of application of fertilizers in
the arable layer of soil hydrolytic acidity decreased by
21.8%, humus content increased by 10.3%, mobile
phosphorus - by 54.8%, mineral nitrogen by 10.3%
and potassium - by 9.6% compared to the control.
Studied agricultural technology allowed to increase the
yield of winter wheat to 81.8 kg/ha and protein to 15.3
per cent, of gluten, to 27.8%. We have noticed
exceeded concentration of mobile phosphorus in the
upper soil horizon (1.5 MРС) in the cultivation of
wheat after alfalfa, which contributed to reduced grain
yield. Under conditions of prolonged application of
fertilizers and pesticides reduced the content of mobile
forms of trace elements - copper and zinc. The content
of mobile forms of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd
below the limit values of environmental and
Toxicological regulations clayey and loamy soils for
agricultural purposes. The trend of accumulation of
cadmium in the green mass of plants (~ 1.2 MPC) and
winter wheat grain up to 1.5 MPC for baby food
The article reviews four variants of laying nurseries of
primary branches of seed production of long-grained
rice varieties of the Kuban breeding taking into
account their biological features, plots area ranges
from 0,7 m2
to 1,1 m2
, seeding rate for one family –
from 100 pcs./m 2 to 170 pcs./m2 . We have studied
traits of long-grained rice varieties of the Kuban
breeding - Ivushka, Avstral, Kurazh, affecting the
yield and quality of seeds: yield, multiplication factor
and fractional composition of seeds depending on
laying multiplication nursery of first year progeny.
The differences between varieties by the type of
tillering, vigor, germination of seeds depending on
planting system are shown. Optimal way for laying
seed nurseries is found: for long-grained varieties with
medium tillering (Kurazh type) – row length – 3,3 m
and seeding rate – 120 caryopses/m2
; for those with
intensive tillering (Ivushka type) – row length – 3,8 m
and seeding rate - 120 caryopses/m2
. This will allow
using mechanical method of sowing using selective
cassette seeding-machine in the primary seed
production, reducing cost of seed production and
increasing efficiency of labor, increasing volume of
seed production of long-grained rice varieties in short
terms and accelerating their implementation in the
Kuban region for import substitution
The most important component of current assets of the
agricultural organizations are material stocks. The optimum
quantity of them is necessary for production process.
The special aspects of formation and using of material
stocks in crop research on micro- and meso-levels
are considered in the article. It is established that the
stok of fertilizers, crop-protection agents, seeds and
planting material are exposed to considerable amplitudes
of fluctuations during the different periods of year. The
natural and biological cycle of development of plants
needs of concentration of material stocks at the beginning
of a production cycle that causes the necessity of
attraction of the credits and commercial loans. The author
studied material inputs structure in branch of crop
research in Krasnodar region and its change in dynamics.
The leading role of mineral fertilizers in formation
of cumulative material inputs is revealed and the level of
its production in the region is analysed. The researching
character of the article is confirmed by the calculations
and the analysis of legislative documents regarding recovery
and increasing of soil fertility in Kuban region.
The author emphasizes need of strengthening of the state
intervention in price control in the market of mineral
fertilizers, formations of sales system, aimed at minimization
of dealers number in a chain "production – processing
– consumption"